*Please note- This site search does not include the Vic. & Tas. BMD's, Lots o' Links & Worth a Look Books
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Paul Percy Harris
Attorney & founder of the rotary club
1868-1947
Paul Percy Harris, was born April 19, 1868, in Racine, Wisconsin, USA. The second child of six, born to George N. Harris and Cornelia Bryan. Cornelia saw her mother, Clarissa, raise the children practically on her own after her husband, Henry Bryan, sold everything he had and left for California alone, around 1849, in search of gold. This probably prepared her for the arduous life that awaited her with George Harris, whom she would marry on May 12, 1864.
George Harris, trained in pharmacy, became a partner of a brother-in-law at a business establishment in Racine in 1865. After three years, a month after Paul's birth, the business was bankrupt. George went on to work in several small jobs, while Cornelia taught the piano. George eventually received checks from his father to help with expenses. By 1871, the Harris family had three children, Cecil, their first child, born August 1866; Paul, then Nina May, born, May 1870.
Paul later wrote of his parents- "Of all charges which might have been made against George and Cornelia, parsimony would have stood the least chance. They were both royal spenders." Their spending habits, may have led to them falling on hard times, not long after Paul was born. The help from George's father was no longer enough, so George decided to leave for his hometown, Wallingford, where his parents, Howard and Pamela lived. In July of 1871, George, Cecil and Paul started a journey of almost 2,000 kilometers. Paul would then, grow up in the care of his paternal grandparents. While living in Vermont, he attended Military Academy, and growing up, he was said to be, somewhat of a hyperactive child, being expelled from two or three schools, including a college. The death of his grandfather, in May 1888, seemed to straighten him out.
He studied law at Princeton, suspending his studies, for about a year and a half, taking on various jobs, even trying to pursue a military career. After persuasion by his grandmother Pamela, he decided in 1890 to enter Iowa State University, allowing him to concentrate on his studies, finishing his law course, without being known as a troublemaker. During the graduation ceremonies, some of his former students gave testimonies about their professional lives. Adelbert Hudson, gave a motivational speech, which would lead Paul, to postpone the beginning of his professional career.
Adelbert suggested, that it would be good for each trainee to live a simple life for five years before starting his professional life, so, for the next five years, Harris worked as a Reporter in San Francisco, a Teacher at a business college in Los Angeles, Stock company actor, Cowboy in Colorado, Desk Clerk in Jacksonville, Florida, a Tender of cattle on a freighter to England, and a Travelling salesman for a granite company, in the U.S. & Europe. Harris eventually settled in the Beverly neighborhood of Chicago, where he began his law practice in 1896.
One evening, Paul went with a professional friend to his suburban home. After dinner, as they strolled through the neighbourhood, Paul’s friend introduced him to various tradesmen in their stores. He thought to himself, “Why not have a fellowship composed of businessmen from different occupations, without restrictions of politics or religion?”, so on Feb 23 1905, he formed the first Rotary club, with three of his law clients, Sylvester Schiele, a coal merchant, Gustavus Loehr, mining engineer and Hiram Shorey, a merchant tailor. Paul Harris named the new club “Rotary” because members met in rotation at their various places of business. Club membership grew rapidly. Many members were from small towns and in the Rotary club they found an opportunity for camaraderie. The second club was founded in 1908, San Francisco, and by August 1910, there were 16 clubs, and the National Association of Rotary clubs was formed.
Apart from a club of professional and business men for friendship and fellowship, Harris realized that Rotary needed a greater purpose. While serving as president of the Chicago Rotary Club in 1907, the club, under Harris' direction, initiated its first public service project, the construction of public toilets in Chicago. This step transformed Rotary into the world's first Service Club.
He became a member of the Press Association and the Lawyers' Association, and on weekends he joined a group of nature lovers to stroll through the fields in the city's suburbs. It was on one of these tours that Paul met Scottish born, Jean Thompson (6 November 1881 – 9 November 1963) with whom he would marry just three months later, on 2 July 1910, but the marriage didn't produce any children. Jean supported Paul, with his new Rotary club, but was never allowed to join, as, admission, was for males only. By 1921, Rotary international was formed, as there was a club on every continent.
Whilst on a Rotary visit to Melbourne, Australia, Paul was tired and asked Jean to speak on his behalf, which she did. Jean became a member of the Inner Wheel, where later, in 1946 was made the first honorary member of the Edinburgh (her birth place) Inner Wheel club.
By the time of Harris' death at the age of seventy-nine, on January 27, 1947, Rotary International had grown to more than 200,000 members in 75 countries. Eight years after Harris died in 1947, Jean sold the house and returned to her native Edinburgh.
Paul Harris, served as President of the National and International Associations of Rotary, was a member of the Board of managers of the Chicago Bar Association, he was The Chicago Bar Association’s representative at the International Congress of law at the Hague, and a Committee member of the American Bar Association.
Rotary International currently numbers 1.2 million members world wide. The motto of Rotary International is "Service Above Self". “Rotarians respect each other’s opinions, and are tolerant and friendly at all times. Catholics, Protestants, Muslims, Jews and Buddhists, break bread together at Rotary” Harris
References
http://revistarotarybrasil.com.br/os-150-anos-de-paul-harris/
https://web.archive.org/web/20110820135725/http://www.extramile.us/honorees/harris.cfm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Harris_(Rotary)
https://web.archive.org/web/20151222143555/http://rotaryhba.org/our-history/paul-p-harris-rotarys-founder/
George Harris, trained in pharmacy, became a partner of a brother-in-law at a business establishment in Racine in 1865. After three years, a month after Paul's birth, the business was bankrupt. George went on to work in several small jobs, while Cornelia taught the piano. George eventually received checks from his father to help with expenses. By 1871, the Harris family had three children, Cecil, their first child, born August 1866; Paul, then Nina May, born, May 1870.
Paul later wrote of his parents- "Of all charges which might have been made against George and Cornelia, parsimony would have stood the least chance. They were both royal spenders." Their spending habits, may have led to them falling on hard times, not long after Paul was born. The help from George's father was no longer enough, so George decided to leave for his hometown, Wallingford, where his parents, Howard and Pamela lived. In July of 1871, George, Cecil and Paul started a journey of almost 2,000 kilometers. Paul would then, grow up in the care of his paternal grandparents. While living in Vermont, he attended Military Academy, and growing up, he was said to be, somewhat of a hyperactive child, being expelled from two or three schools, including a college. The death of his grandfather, in May 1888, seemed to straighten him out.
He studied law at Princeton, suspending his studies, for about a year and a half, taking on various jobs, even trying to pursue a military career. After persuasion by his grandmother Pamela, he decided in 1890 to enter Iowa State University, allowing him to concentrate on his studies, finishing his law course, without being known as a troublemaker. During the graduation ceremonies, some of his former students gave testimonies about their professional lives. Adelbert Hudson, gave a motivational speech, which would lead Paul, to postpone the beginning of his professional career.
Adelbert suggested, that it would be good for each trainee to live a simple life for five years before starting his professional life, so, for the next five years, Harris worked as a Reporter in San Francisco, a Teacher at a business college in Los Angeles, Stock company actor, Cowboy in Colorado, Desk Clerk in Jacksonville, Florida, a Tender of cattle on a freighter to England, and a Travelling salesman for a granite company, in the U.S. & Europe. Harris eventually settled in the Beverly neighborhood of Chicago, where he began his law practice in 1896.
One evening, Paul went with a professional friend to his suburban home. After dinner, as they strolled through the neighbourhood, Paul’s friend introduced him to various tradesmen in their stores. He thought to himself, “Why not have a fellowship composed of businessmen from different occupations, without restrictions of politics or religion?”, so on Feb 23 1905, he formed the first Rotary club, with three of his law clients, Sylvester Schiele, a coal merchant, Gustavus Loehr, mining engineer and Hiram Shorey, a merchant tailor. Paul Harris named the new club “Rotary” because members met in rotation at their various places of business. Club membership grew rapidly. Many members were from small towns and in the Rotary club they found an opportunity for camaraderie. The second club was founded in 1908, San Francisco, and by August 1910, there were 16 clubs, and the National Association of Rotary clubs was formed.
Apart from a club of professional and business men for friendship and fellowship, Harris realized that Rotary needed a greater purpose. While serving as president of the Chicago Rotary Club in 1907, the club, under Harris' direction, initiated its first public service project, the construction of public toilets in Chicago. This step transformed Rotary into the world's first Service Club.
He became a member of the Press Association and the Lawyers' Association, and on weekends he joined a group of nature lovers to stroll through the fields in the city's suburbs. It was on one of these tours that Paul met Scottish born, Jean Thompson (6 November 1881 – 9 November 1963) with whom he would marry just three months later, on 2 July 1910, but the marriage didn't produce any children. Jean supported Paul, with his new Rotary club, but was never allowed to join, as, admission, was for males only. By 1921, Rotary international was formed, as there was a club on every continent.
Whilst on a Rotary visit to Melbourne, Australia, Paul was tired and asked Jean to speak on his behalf, which she did. Jean became a member of the Inner Wheel, where later, in 1946 was made the first honorary member of the Edinburgh (her birth place) Inner Wheel club.
By the time of Harris' death at the age of seventy-nine, on January 27, 1947, Rotary International had grown to more than 200,000 members in 75 countries. Eight years after Harris died in 1947, Jean sold the house and returned to her native Edinburgh.
Paul Harris, served as President of the National and International Associations of Rotary, was a member of the Board of managers of the Chicago Bar Association, he was The Chicago Bar Association’s representative at the International Congress of law at the Hague, and a Committee member of the American Bar Association.
Rotary International currently numbers 1.2 million members world wide. The motto of Rotary International is "Service Above Self". “Rotarians respect each other’s opinions, and are tolerant and friendly at all times. Catholics, Protestants, Muslims, Jews and Buddhists, break bread together at Rotary” Harris
References
http://revistarotarybrasil.com.br/os-150-anos-de-paul-harris/
https://web.archive.org/web/20110820135725/http://www.extramile.us/honorees/harris.cfm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Harris_(Rotary)
https://web.archive.org/web/20151222143555/http://rotaryhba.org/our-history/paul-p-harris-rotarys-founder/
1. Rancine, Wisconsin
2. Paul Harris, The Man
3. Foundation of Rotary
4. Rotary Heritage
5. Off Shoots of Rotary
6. Black River & other Colours
7. Wisconsin's Glowing Rocks
8. Wisconsin's Native Americans
2. Paul Harris, The Man
3. Foundation of Rotary
4. Rotary Heritage
5. Off Shoots of Rotary
6. Black River & other Colours
7. Wisconsin's Glowing Rocks
8. Wisconsin's Native Americans
Rancine, Wisconsin
Wisconsin is one of the East North Central states situated in the north-central part of the US mainland. The state borders Lake Superior and Michigan to the north, Lake Michigan to the east, and Illinois to the south. The Mississippi River forms sections of its state borders with and Iowa and Minnesota to the west.
https://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/map/USA/wis Left- Map of USA, highlighting Wisconsin
World Maps http://ontheworldmap.com/usa/state/wisconsin/wisconsin |
Racine County in southeastern Wisconsin, about 25 miles south of Milwaukee, at the mouth of the Root River on the shores of Lake Michigan. French explorers Robert de LaSalle and Louis Hennepin were the first Europeans to visit the area in 1679. They were met by Potawatomi Indians who had lived there for centuries.....The Potawatomi continued to live there until 1833, when, they were forced to cede their lands to the U.S. government.
Wisconsin Historical Society The first white settlers came in 1835; incorporation as a city came in 1848. Racine's chief exports in 1849 were wheat, flour, beef, pork, corn, oats, hay, butter and cheese produced by local farmers.....Wisconsin Historical Society
Prominent Racine residents- J.I. Case, who revolutionized grain production with the invention of the thresher in 1843;
Joshua Glover, fugitive slave whose arrest and rescue in 1854 brought national attention to abolitionism in Wisconsin;..... https://www.wisconsinhistory.org/ |
Racine College was founded in 1852 and the first high school in Wisconsin opened there in 1853.
French explorers, the first Europeans to arrive in 1679, were met by Potawatomi Indians
Early 1840's, immigrants from Wales & Denmark joined Racine's largely Yankee pioneer settlers.
Wisconsin Historical Society
https://www.wisconsinhistory.org/Records |
The History of Racine & Kenosha Counties, Wisconsin 1879
https://archive.org/details/historyracinean00cogoog |
FIND YOUR ANCESTORS BY SEARCHING FAMILY HISTORY RESOURCES Search over 3,000,000 records including: birth, death and marriage record indexes; newspaper clippings; photographs and other visual materials; and property records from National Register and State Register of Historic Places and the Wisconsin Architecture and History Inventory (AHI). Wisconsin Historical Society https://www.wisconsinhistory.org/Records/Article/CS15307 |
Something that can be very confusing, if you don't live in that particular country, is,
the abbreviations for each State, or County.
the abbreviations for each State, or County.
Abbreviations for States of USA
ALABAMA
ALASKA AMERICAN SAMOA ARIZONA ARKANSAS CALIFORNIA COLORADO CONNECTICUT DELAWARE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA FLORIDA GEORGIA GUAM HAWAII IDAHO ILLINOIS INDIANA IOWA KANSAS KENTUCKY LOUISIANA MAINE MARYLAND MASSACHUSETTS MICHIGAN MINNESOTA MISSISSIPPI MISSOURI |
AL
AK AS AZ AR CA CO CT DE DC FL GA GU HI ID IL IN IA KS KY LA ME MD MA MI MN MS MO |
MONTANA
NEBRASKA NEVADA NEW HAMPSHIRE NEW JERSEY NEW MEXICO NEW YORK NORTH CAROLINA NORTH DAKOTA NORTHERN MARIANA IS OHIO OKLAHOMA OREGON PENNSYLVANIA PUERTO RICO RHODE ISLAND SOUTH CAROLINA SOUTH DAKOTA TENNESSEE TEXAS UTAH VERMONT VIRGINIA VIRGIN ISLANDS WASHINGTON WEST VIRGINIA WISCONSIN WYOMING |
MT
NE NV NH NJ NM NY NC ND MP OH OK OR PA PR RI SC SD TN TX UT VT VA VI WA WV WI WY |
Ireland Abbreviations
UK County Abbreviations
https://www.familysearch.org/wiki/en/UK_County |
New Zealand Abbreviations
Australia Abbeviations
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The Man
The founding of the Rotary Club of Chicago in 1905 certainly fulfilled the need for socializing in a circle of close friends, who could be called by their first name. In 1907, Paul became president of the club and, in 1910, of the National Association of Rotary Clubs. In 1912, the Association went international and a new president was elected. Paul Harris received the title of president emeritus, but he left the organization, perhaps because of a serious health problem, perhaps because he was starting his family life, having just acquired the house where he would live with Jean over the next several years.
Eduardo Muniz Werneck, 2010-11 governor of district 4670, associated with the Rotary Club of São Leopoldo-Leste Paul playing rugby at the University of Vermont
University of Vermont Yearbooks
https://cdi.uvm.edu/collection/uvmcdi-uvmcdiuvmyearbooks Princeton University (& others) Yearbooks http://www.e-yearbook.com/sp/eybs?school=59 Paul returned to Rotary's headquarters after the First World War, driven by the insistence of the organization's secretary, Ches Perry, who had set up for him a room where he could have the necessary structure to respond to the abundant correspondence he received. But Paul remained removed from Rotary's administration. He only attended his own club and attended to some invitations.
Eduardo Muniz Werneck, 2010-11 governor of district 4670, associated with the Rotary Club of São Leopoldo-Leste |
After attending Rutland High School for a year, he was enrolled in Black River Academy, from which he was expelled for “pranks”.
The Black River Academy was chartered in 1835 and received students from 26 states and 3 foreign countries throughout its 103 years of educating young men and women. The original building burned and for 44 years classes were held in the old Union Church, which was taken down and the present academy erected on the identical site in 1888-l889. The last class to graduate the old Academy was that of 1938. In 1948 the building was leased for a convalescent home. From 1968 to 1972 the building was idle waiting for revival. Following the formation of the Black River Historical Society, the Black River Academy Trustees were favorable to selling for one dollar the building and grounds to that society. The Academy building was restored and transformed into a museum to house the cultural heritage of the Black River Valley area.
https://bramvt.org/about-us/history/ |
Paul Harris received an LL.B. from the University of Iowa and received an honorary LL.D. from the University of Vermont.
He formed the World's first service Club, now, Rotary International He served as President of the National and International Associations of Rotary |
Paul Harris was The Chicago Bar Association’s representative at the
International Congress of law at the Hague He was a Committee member of the American Bar Association. He was a member of the Board of managers of the Chicago Bar Association |
Chicago Bar Association
With thousands of veterans having recently returned from World War II and O’Hare Airport soon to open, the Chicago area in 1948 was about to embark on an era of unprecedented growth. It was then that a small but prominent group of lawyer members of the Chicago Bar Association (CBA) came together united in the belief that by pooling their charitable efforts, the members of the Association collectively could make substantial improvements for both their profession and their community. https://chicagobarfoundation.org/about/history/ Hague Conference
https://www.hcch.net/en/home |
The Hague Conference on Private International Law (HCCH) is an intergovernmental organisation in the area of private international law (also known as conflict of laws), that administers several international conventions, protocols and soft law instruments. The Hague Conference was first convened by Tobias Asser in 1893 in The Hague. In 1911, Asser received the Nobel Peace Prize for his work in the field of private international law, and in particular for his achievements with respect to the HCCH. After World War II, the Hague Conference was established as an international organisation.
wiki/Hague_Conference_on_Private_International_Law |
Find a Grave, Paul Percy Harris
www.findagrave.com/memorial/8009119/paul-percy-harris Paul P. Harris, Obituary, on facebook
www.facebook.com/532838706738321/posts/paul-percy |
Leaving life on a cold winter day, just before he turned 79, Paul Harris left us an unparalleled legacy. His desire for understanding and peace among all the nations and peoples of the Earth remains alive among us, as well as his ideals. * The author is Eduardo Muniz Werneck, 2010-11 governor of district 4670, associated with the Rotary Club of São Leopoldo-Leste , RS (district 4670), and organizer of the book 1936 - The year Brazil met Paul Percy Harris revistarotarybrasil.com.br/os-150-anos-de-paul-harris/ |
Rotary Club
"Rotary is an organization of business and professional person united worldwide who provide humanitarian service, encourage high ethical standards in all vocations and help build goodwill and peace in the world.”
A Dinner date between Paul Harris and Sylvester Schiele, helped to launch Rotary
The Rotary Club of Chicago, was formed on 23 February 1905 as a place where professionals with diverse backgrounds could exchange ideas and form meaningful, lifelong friendships, persevering in tough times. During WWII, Rotary clubs in Germany, Austria, Italy, Spain, and Japan were forced to disband. Despite the risks, many continued to meet informally and following the war’s end, Rotary members joined together to rebuild their clubs and their countries.
https://goldentrianglerotary.org/page/history |
Rotary's Mottos are, 'Service Above Self' &
"He Profits Most Who Serves Best"
First Four Rotarians
https://www.rotary.org/en/history-first-four-rotarians Harry L. Ruggles, was often considered to be,
the 'Fifth' Rotarian |
Rotary is a non-political and non-religious organization open to all.
Rotary’s name came from the group’s early practice of rotating meetings among the offices of
each member. Rotarians have not only been present for major events in history, they’ve been a part of them.
Paul was decorated by Heads of Brazil, Chile, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, France & Peru.
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The Rotary Magazine, was first published in January 1911 as 'The National Rotarian'.
https://www.rotary.org/en/history-rotarian-magazine |
Persistent Archives of Complete Issues
of The Rotarian https://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/serial |
Each May or June Rotary International holds a worldwide convention "to stimulate, inspire and inform all Rotarians at an international level." The convention, which may not be held in the same country for more than two consecutive years, is the annual meeting to conduct the business of the association.
https://www.rotaryeclubone.org/makeups/articles/ "We need the best thought and cooperation of every single man who is here,” Harris told the 60 registrants at the Congress Hotel in Chicago.
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On 15 August 1910, Paul Harris convened the first Rotary convention. At the time, there were 16 clubs in the United States.
Since 1910 the Rotary convention has combined fellowship with Rotary business and inspired attendees with notable guest speakers and entertainers, workshops, and messages from Rotary leaders.
In Rotary’s early years, the convention delegates debated and voted on changes to Rotary’s Constitution and Bylaws. As membership and convention attendance grew, this process evolved, and in 1977, the Council on Legislation became Rotary’s legislative body.
https://www.rotary.org/en/history-rotary-international Conventions combined, Business, Workshops, Guest Speakers & Entertainment
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When clubs were formed in Canada and Great Britain, the name was changed to the International Association of Rotary Clubs in 1912, and was later shortened to Rotary International in 1922. Paul Harris was the first president of both the National and the International Association. As Rotary spanned the globe, branch offices were opened in Europe and Asia. Two world wars changed the face of Rotary. Eastern Europe was closed to Rotary until 1989 when clubs were re-established in Poland and Hungary. In 1990 the first club was opened in the Soviet Union.
Paul Harris, Peregrinations,Vol III www.rghfhome.org/harris/library/peregrinations/three |
After clubs formed in Canada & Great Britain, Rotary became International
During and after World War II Rotarians became increasingly involved in promoting international understanding. In 1945, 49 Rotary members served in 29 delegations to the United Nations Charter Conference. Rotary still actively participates in UN conferences by sending observers to major meetings and promoting the United Nations in Rotary publications.
https://www.rotaryeclubone.org/makeups/articles/ |
Everywhere Paul Harris went, he planted friendship trees, a symbol of goodwill
Rotarians have continued to plant trees worldwide, in the name of fellowship, friendship & community service, which have become monuments of Rotary’s ideals. |
Beginning in 1928, at the invitation of Rotary International, Paul began a series of trips to visit Rotary clubs around the world. He went to Europe in 1928 and 1932, to Great Britain and South Africa in 1934, to Asia in 1935 and to South America (including Brazil) in 1936. He was received by kings and presidents, and wherever he went he planted his trees of friendship, a symbol of goodwill among the people.
http://revistarotarybrasil.com.br/os-150-anos-de-paul-harris/
During their travels, Paul Harris kept journals, later published and called Peregrinations. Volume 3 is currently available, but volume 2, is in the process of being published on Rotary's website. These volumes follow the travels of Paul and Jean Harris in 1935 and 37.
https://www.rghfhome.org/harris/library/peregrinations/index.htm |
Rotary Youth Exchange is one of Rotary's most popular programs to promote international understanding and develop lifelong friendships. It began in 1927 with the Rotary Club of Nice, France. In 1939 an extensive Youth Exchange was created between California and Latin America. Since then the program has expanded around the world. In recent years more than 7,000 young people have participated annually in Rotary-sponsored exchange programs. The values of Youth Exchange are experienced not only by the high school-age students involved but also by the host families, sponsoring clubs, receiving high schools and the entire community Youth Exchange participants usually provide their fellow students in their host schools with excellent opportunities to learn about customs, languages, traditions and family life in another country.
www.rotaryeclubone.org/makeups/articles The term "Four Avenues of Service" is frequently used in Rotary literature and information. The "Avenues" refer to the four elements of the Object of Rotary: Club Service, Vocational Service, Community Service and International Service. Although the Avenues of Service are not found in any formal part of the constitutional documents of Rotary, the concept has been accepted as a means to describe the primary areas of Rotary activity.
• "Club Service" involves all of the activities necessary for Rotarians to perform to make their club successful. • "Vocational Service" is a description of the opportunity each Rotarian has to represent the dignity and utility of one's vocation to the other members of the club. • "Community Service" pertains to those activities which Rotarians undertake to improve the quality of life in their community. It frequently involves assistance to youth, the aged, handicapped and others who look to Rotary as a source of hope for a better life. • The Fourth Avenue, "International Service," describes the many programs and activities which Rotarians undertake to advance international understanding, goodwill and peace. International Service projects are designed to meet humanitarian needs of people in many lands. www.rotaryeclubone.org/makeups/articles |
In 1932 the Four Way Test was created.
The Four-Way Test, which was created in 1932 by Rotarian Herbert J. Taylor (who later served as RI president) when he was asked to take charge of a company that was facing bankruptcy. This 24-word test for employees to follow in their business and professional lives became the guide for sales, production, advertising, and all relations with dealers and customers, and the survival of the company is credited to this simple philosophy.
https://rotary5630.org/history-of-the-four-way-test/ Considerable time was spent in developing four short questions which now make up the Four-Way Test. Here are the four questions:
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The first design was made by Chicago Rotarian Montague Bear, an engraver who drew a simple wagon wheel, with a few lines to show dust and motion. The wheel was said to illustrate "Civilization and Movement."
The design was changed many times, but by 1919, Oscar Bjorge had come up with a design, to reflect a real, working gearwheel
A further modification was made by, Will R. Forker, who perceived Rotary as a “living force,” and inserting a keyway into the hub made the new wheel a “real worker.”
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Early club emblem
In 1905, Montague M. Bear, an engraver and member of the Rotary Club of Chicago, sketched a wagon wheel with 13 spokes as a club emblem. When fellow club members began to complain that the design was static and lifeless, Bear added flourishes that made the wheel appear to ride on a bed of clouds. Unfortunately, some members felt the clouds looked like dust, defying the laws of physics by being kicked up on both sides of the wheel. Bear responded by superimposing a banner with the words “Rotary Club” over the clouds. How Rotary’s emblem evolved
www.rotary.org/en/history-how-rotary-emblem-evolved Oscar Bjorge, of the Rotary Club of Duluth, Minnesota, USA, standardized the Rotary emblem. Bjorge drafted an emblem with six spokes and 24 cogs, giving it a sturdy appearance. The number of teeth and spokes were intended to reflect a real, working gearwheel. In November 1919, the Board adopted Bjorge’s design, formally approved at the 1921 convention. By 1924, a keyway was added to Bjorge's design, attributed to Will R. Forker, of the Rotary Club of Los Angeles, California, USA. He was reported to have said Bjorge’s design made no provision for the transfer of power to or from a shaft, rendering the wheel idle. Forker perceived Rotary as a “living force,” and inserting a keyway into the hub made the new wheel a “real worker.”
rotary.org/en/history-how-rotary-emblem-evolved |
Paul Harris was a true humanitarian. He served as the first chairman of the board of the national Easter Seal Society of Crippled Children and Adults in the U.S.A. and of the International Society for Crippled Children. He received the Silver Buffalo Award from the Boy Scouts of America for distinguished service to youth
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The Silver Buffalo Award is the national-level distinguished service award of the Boy Scouts of America. It is presented for noteworthy and extraordinary service to youth on a national basis, either as part of, or independent of the Scouting program
wiki/Silver_Buffalo_Award |
After the success of Interact clubs for high school-age youth in the early 1960's, the RI board created Rotaract in 1968. The new organization was designed to promote responsible citizenship and leadership potential in clubs of young men and women, aged 18 to 30. The first Rotaract club was chartered by the Charlotte North Rotary Club in Charlotte, North Carolina. In 1994 there were more than 149,000 members in more than 6,500 Rotaract clubs in 107 countries.
rotaryeclubone.org/makeups/articles/ Following the introduction of the 3-H program in 1978, (Health, Hunger and Humanity)
Rotary began their fight against polio in 1979 with a project to immunize 6 million children in the Philippines. By 2012, only three countries remain polio-endemic—down from 125 in 1988. |
In 1978, Rotary launched its most comprehensive humanitarian service activity with the Health, Hunger and Humanity Program. The 3-H Program is designed to undertake large-scale service projects beyond the capacity of individual Rotary clubs or groups of clubs. The Object of Rotary is to encourage and foster the ideal of service as a basis of worthy enterprise and, in particular, to encourage and foster:
FIRST. The development of acquaintance as an opportunity for service; SECOND. High ethical standards in business and professions, the recognition of the worthiness of all useful occupations, and the dignifying of each Rotarian's occupation as an opportunity to serve society; THIRD. The application of the ideal of service in each Rotarian's personal, business, and community life; FOURTH. The advancement of international understanding, goodwill, and peace through a world fellowship of business and professional persons united in the ideal of service. https://www.rotaryeclubone.org/makeups/articles/ PolioPlus, UNICEF
Global Polio Eradication Partners applaud Rotary’s new US $88,557,000 pledge https://www.unicef.org/media/media_8000.html |
Until 1989, the Constitution and Bylaws of Rotary International stated that Rotary club membership was for males only.
The United States Supreme Court upheld the California court indicating that Rotary clubs do have a "business purpose" and are in some ways public-type organizations. This action in 1987 allowed women to become Rotarians in any jurisdiction having similar "public accommodation" statutes. The RI constitutional change was made at the 1989 Council on Legislation, with a vote to eliminate the "male only" provision for all of Rotary.
https://www.rotaryeclubone.org/makeups/articles/50things |
A Paul Harris Fellow receives a special certificate and a gold pin. At the discretion of the Fellow's club, the Fellow may also receive a gold medallion on a blue-and-gold ribbon.
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Individuals who have contributed more than $1000 to the Annual Program Fund, the Polio Plus Fund or the Humanitarian Grants Program of the Rotary Foundation are recognized as Paul Harris Fellows...These honorees are individuals who meet high professional and personal standards set forth by Paul Harris. Paul Harris recognition is not limited to Rotarians.
easthartfordrotary.org/sitepage/paul-harris-fellows |
Many public personalities have been honorary members of Rotary clubs
"Honorary" is one of the two types of membership a person may have in a Rotary club. This type of membership is the highest distinction a Rotary club can confer and is exercised only in exceptional cases to recognize an individual for unusual service and contributions to Rotary and society. Honorary members cannot propose new members to the club, do not hold office and are exempt from attendance requirements and club dues.
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Many distinguished heads of state, explorers, authors, musicians, astronauts and other public personalities have been honorary members of Rotary clubs, including King Gustaf of Sweden, King George VI of England, King Badouin of Belgium, King Hassan III of Morocco, Sir Winston Churchill, humanitarian Albert Schweitzer, Charles Lindbergh, composer Jean Sibelius, explorer Sir Edmund Hillary, Thor Heyerdahl, Thomas Edison, Walt Disney, Bob Hope, Dr. Albert Sabin, British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and many of the presidents of the United States. Truly, those selected for honorary membership are those who have done much to further the ideals of Rotary.
https://www.rotaryeclubone.org/makeups/articles/50 |
Sir Harry Lauder, the Scottish entertainer, was a member of the Glasgow Rotary Club
FAMOUS ROTARIANS
http://www.charlotterotary.org/400famousrotarians |
The world’s 1.2 million Rotarians lend their time, expertise and resources to a number of vocational programs, and community and international service projects. The Rotary Foundation of Rotary International carries out some US $90 million annually in international education and humanitarian programs. Today, the Rotary Foundation scholarships program is the world’s largest privately funded international scholarships program; approximately 1,200 scholarships are awarded annually. Through its PolioPlus Program Rotarians had allocated an estimated US $400 million by the year 2005 to purchase polio vaccine and to support “social mobilization”, the motivation of public and private sectors and thousands of volunteers to perform immunization campaigns.
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Adventure in service, by Rotary International 1963
https://archive.org/details/adventureinservi00rota/ This Rotarian Age by Paul Harris https://www.rghfhome.org/harris/library/rotarianage/pdf MY ROAD TO ROTARY by Paul Harris https://www.rghfhome.org/harris/library/myroad/index Rotary is Thirty Years Old, by Paul Harris https://www.rghfhome.org/harris/library/30years.htm Paul Harris, Peregrinations,Vol III www.rghfhome.org/harris/library/peregrinations/three |
When President emeritus Paul Harris passed away on 27 January 1947 his dream had grown from an informal meeting of four to some 6,000 clubs.
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Today, Rotary are working together from around the globe both digitally and in-person to solve some of our world’s most challenging problems.
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Rotary Heritage
Harris House Project
www.beverlyreview.net/news/community_news/article
www.beverlyreview.net/news/community_news/article
The Paul and Jean Harris Home Foundation is restoring the home to its condition in 1947 when the Harris’ lived there. The residence will display historical and educational information about Rotary International. The Paul and Jean Harris Home will be part of a Rotary heritage tour. Other sites on the self-guided tour may include Rotary International headquarters in Evanston, Illinois; The Paul Harris Memorial Gravesite in Mount Hope Cemetery, located about a mile from the residence; and the Rotary Club of Chicago, the founding club of Rotary, or one of the 150 Rotary clubs in the Chicago area. Finally, visitors will be offered a tour of the Paul Harris Memorial Gravesite, located about a mile from the Harris residence, where Paul Harris and co-founder Sylvester Schiele are laid to rest.
web.archive.org/web/20180721043608/https://www.paul Vermont, Historical markers
https://www.waymarking.com/gallery/image.aspx?f=1&guid Was it his Home?, or his Schoolhouse?, or Both?
Whichever, it holds, Paul P. Harris memorabilia, in Wallingford, Vermont |
In 1818 the great-grandfather of Paul Harris, Founder of Rotary International, built “The Old Chapel Building.” In 1928 District 37 bought this historic building. In 1933 it was dedicated as “The Little Red Schoolhouse.” Paul Harris returned to Wallingford for the dedication ceremony. The cherished “Little Red Schoolhouse” was built in the town where Paul Harris grew up and learned some of the most important values of his lifetime. Those values now form the basis of the worldwide service organization he established. Today, the Schoolhouse acts as a historic site that stores and displays Paul Harris memorabilia and is the meeting place of the Wallingford Memorial Rotary Club.
Schoolhouse-brochure-2018.pdf The Education of Paul Harris
https://www.rotary.org/en/history-education-paul-harris |
Off Shoots
Other Branches of Rotary
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Jean Thompson Harris, was a member of the Inner Wheel, which is an international women's organisation to create friendship, service and understanding. It has clubs in over 100 countries with over 100,000 members. It was founded in Manchester, England. The organisation was officially founded in January 1924 by Margarette Golding, a nurse, business woman and the wife of a Manchester Rotarian who had met with 26 other wives in November 1923.
internationalinnerwheel.org/ |
Jean Harris was a member of the Edinburgh Inner Wheel Organisation
Inner Wheel is another branch of Rotary
International Inner Wheel is one of the largest women's service voluntary organisations in the world and are active in more than 104 countries
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Rotaract is a global organisation
that provides opportunities for young adults to enhance their knowledge and skills through personal development, to address the physical and social needs of their communities, whilst promoting better relations between all people worldwide through a framework of friendship and service. It empowers students and young professionals to create positive change in their local communities and around the world. Rotaract provides unique opportunities that assist its members in becoming the business and professional leaders of tomorrow. Rotaract, stands for,
Rotary in Action Rotaract (which stands for Rotary in Action) is a Rotary-partnered service club for young people aged 18 to 30. Sponsored by Rotary International, Rotaract Clubs across Australia are part of a worldwide organisation of 250,792 individuals in 10,904 clubs covering 184 countries.
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Goals of Rotaract:
1 Develop professional and leadership skills 2 Emphasise respect for the rights of others, recognising individual worth 3 Recognise the dignity and value of all useful occupations as opportunities 4 Recognise, practice and promote ethical standards.. 5 Develop knowledge and under- standing of the needs...locally and internationally 6 Provide opportunities for personal and group activities to serve.. https://rotaract.org.au/about/ Rotaract, is for young people, 18-30 years of age
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Interact clubs bring together young people ages 12-18 to develop leadership skills while discovering the power of Service Above Self. Find out how serious leadership, can be seriously fun.
Interact, is for young people aged 12-18
www.rotary.org/en/get-involved/inter |
Rotary was founded in Feb. 1905, making it, the world's first service club.
Many other service clubs have been formed since then, most, around the end of the first world war
Although, the Rotary Club was the first, the Lion's club, is now the world's largest
Many other service clubs have been formed since then, most, around the end of the first world war
Although, the Rotary Club was the first, the Lion's club, is now the world's largest
Their Purpose is to Create and foster a spirit of understanding among the peoples of the world. Promote the principles of good govt and good citizenship. Take an active interest in the civic, cultural, social and moral welfare of the community.
https://www.lionsclubs.org/en |
Lions Clubs International is an international non-political service organization established originally in 1917 in Chicago, Illinois, by Melvin Jones. It is now headquartered in Oak Brook, Illinois.
Because of their success, Lions Clubs International developed the Lioness Program and emblem in 1975, officially recognizing and supporting the auxiliary program. The Lioness Program continued to grow until 1987 when the International Board of Directors amended the Lions Club Constitution to admit both men and women.
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The Lioness Club was incorporated into the Lion's Club, in 1987
Lions Clubs International is the largest service club organization in the world
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Rotary, has more than 1.2 million members world-wide in over 150 countries
Lion's Club, has more than 1.4 million members in more than 46,000 clubs worldwide.
Lion's Club, has more than 1.4 million members in more than 46,000 clubs worldwide.
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Civitan International, based in Birmingham, Alabama, is an association of community service clubs founded in 1917.
Civitan International is a global organization impacting lives at the grass roots level through local service clubs. Members of Civitan share a Servant’s Heart and a desire to create positive change for people with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities.
The CIRC conducts cutting edge research in brain-related issues such as autism, rett syndrome, down syndrome and many others.
https://civitan.org/ |
Apex members work in local clubs across urban, regional and rural Australia to raise awareness about social justice issues, assist the needy in a practical way and contribute resources to causes as varied as cancer research or youth public speaking. The first Apex Club was formed at Geelong in December 1930
https://www.apex.org.au/ |
We believe that everyone is able to make a positive difference to the world around them. We can each volunteer our time, or donate our money, towards worthy causes. Our individual efforts are small, but they matter.
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Altrusa International, Inc is a non-profit organization focused on community service. It was founded in Nashville, Tennessee, in 1917 by Dr. Alfred Durham as a chain of national clubs for business and professional women.
Altrusa activities develop leadership skills... welcome new ideas and aim to provide flexibility for members to give, in their own way https://www.altrusa.org/ |
Founded, October 1915, by Henry Giessenbier.
Junior Chamber International (JCI) is a global, non-profit organisation for young people to develop leadership skills, meet inspiring people and make a real impact in local communities. https://jciaustralia.org.au/ |
Junior Chamber International, is a non-profit non-governmental organization of young people between 18 and 40. With members in approx. 124 countries.
For over 100 years, JCI members around the world have acted on one shared belief – the improvement of our society and environment is paramount, not just for us but also for future generations.
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Optimist International Members work each day to make the future brighter by bringing out the best in children, in their communities, and in themselves.
https://www.optimist.org/ |
Optimist International is an international service club organization with almost 3,000 clubs and over 80,000 members in more than 20 countries. The international headquarters is located in St. Louis, Missouri, United States.
The first official Optimist Club was formed in Buffalo, New York, in 1911
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Zonta International is an international service organization with the mission of advancing the status of women.
Founder: Marian de Forest Founded: 8 November 1919, Buffalo, New York, United States |
Black River & Other Colours
Black River Falls, Springfield, VT
1:15 There are many Black Rivers all over the World
Black River, Vermont
The Black River is a 40.8-mile-long river in the U.S. state of Vermont, and a tributary of the Connecticut River. The watershed, or drainage basin, consists of some 202 square miles in southeastern Vermont, almost all of which lies in Windsor County.....Since the settlement of Springfield in the mid-18th century, the river has been at its heart. A source of power for the many industrial factories built on her shores, many small hydro dams were built near the impressive Comtu Falls in the center of Springfield. wiki/Black_River_(Connecticut_River_tributary) Black River, North Carolina, U.S.A.
The slow-moving Black River gives you glimpses of giant cypress trees hundreds of years old covered with Spanish moss. The river originates in Sampson County in northeastern North Carolina. The tea-colored river flows slowly downstream for 60 miles before joining up with Cape Fear River near Wilmington, where you can begin a tour of the Black River.....As you Travel the waters of the Black River and a section of the Cape Fear River, watch for rare and neo-tropical songbirds as well as alligators, black bears, river otters and bobcats. guided-tours-black-river-north-carolina-104120.html |
The Black River Academy in Vermont, where Paul Harris once attended, is now
a Museum The Black River Academy Museum (BRAM) fosters history, education, and culture in Ludlow, VT through preservation, research, exhibitions, & special events.
https://www.yourplaceinvermont.com/business/ A blackwater river is a type of river with a slow-moving channel flowing through forested swamps or wetlands. As vegetation decays, tannins leach into the water, making a transparent, acidic water that is darkly stained, resembling black tea. wiki
Black River, in southeastern Missouri and eastern Arkansas, is a tributary of the White River, about 300 miles (480 km) long, in southeastern Missouri and northeastern Arkansas in the United States. Via the White River, it is part of the Mississippi River watershed.
Black River (Arkansas–Missouri) wiki/Black_River_(Arkansas%E2%80%93Missouri) The Black River (from the Tai language Da meaning "dark-brown"), also known upstream as the Lixian River in China, is a river located in China and northwestern Vietnam.
Black River (Asia) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_River_(Asia) |
The Black River of the Amazon, or Guainía as it is known in its upper part, is the largest left tributary of the Amazon River (accounting for about 14% of the water in the Amazon basin), the largest blackwater river in the world, and one of the world's ten largest rivers by average discharge.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Negro_(Amazon) |
Black Rivers, also in Tasmania, Victoria & Queensland, Australia
Black River Crocodiles Tour, Saint Elizabeth, Jamaica
10:36 |
White water rafting in Australia
momondo.com.au/discover/white-water-rafting-australia |
Whitewater is formed in a rapid, when a river's gradient increases enough to disturb its laminar flow and create turbulence, i.e. form a bubbly, or aerated and unstable current; the frothy water appears white.
https://www.definitions.net/definition/whitewater There's a Yellow River
The Yellow River's Role in China's History
www.thoughtco.com/yellow-river-in-chinas-history-195222 Silt, makes the river, the colour yellow
It is called the Yellow River because its waters carry silt, which give the river its yellow-brown color, and when the river overflows, it leaves a yellow residue behind.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_River Christie - Yellow River 1970
2:48 |
The River Wild Official Trailer 1994 1:37
And even a Pink one!
Scientists found that pink bodies of water like Lake Hillier contain both Halobacteria and a type of algae known as Dunaliella salina, which thrive in salty environments like the pink lakes.
The carotenoid red pigments secreted by both of these, are responsible for the pink colour. howstuffworks.com/life/cellular-microscopic/australia-pink Even, Half Blue, Half Pink!
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What's the difference between a Lake & a River?
A River runs along its banks and flows in one direction. A Lake is immobile, a still body of water askanydifference.com/difference-between-river-and-lake What's the difference between an Ocean & a Sea?
Seas are found on the margins of the Ocean and are partially enclosed by land. https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/oceanorsea.html What's the difference between a Brook,
a Creek & a Stream? A Brook, is a small stream. A Creek, is a small stream of water that is inland, generally more turbulent than a stream A Stream, is a body of moving water confined by banks. differencebetween.com/difference-between-stream-and Last Big Question
Why is the Dead Sea, called, the 'DEAD' Sea? High salinity prevents macroscopic aquatic organisms (fish, plants etc), from living in it, though minuscule quantities of bacteria and microbial fungi are present. wiki Any wonder, Geography was boring at school,
Too many! |
Other Bodies of Water
A Pond is a very small Lake, shallow enough for plants to grow A Bay is a recessed, coastal body of water that directly connects to a larger main body of water, such as an ocean, a lake A Gulf, is a large bay An Inlet is an indentation of a shoreline, usually long and narrow, a small bay A Lagoon is a shallow body of water separated from a larger body of water by reefs, barrier islands, or a barrier peninsula. A Marsh is a wetland that is dominated by herbaceous plants (no woody stem), and can often be found at the edges of lakes and streams A Weir (low head dam) is a barrier across the width of a river that alters the flow of water and usually results in a change in the height of the river level, also used to control the flow of water for outlets of lakes, ponds, and reservoirs. A Dam is a barrier that stops or restricts the flow of water or underground streams A Reservoir is, most commonly, an enlarged natural or artificial lake, pond, or impoundment created using a dam or lock to store water. A Swamp is a forested wetland, with both land and water creating its environment. A Fjord or fiord is a long, narrow inlet with steep sides or cliffs, created by a glacier. A Bog is a wetland that accumulates peat, a deposit of dead plant material. Wiki And last, but definitely least, A Puddle, is a small pool of liquid, like rainwater on the ground. |
Flow Gently Sweet Afton, Words by Robert Burns 1791
The Afton is a small river in Ayrshire, Scotland 3:01 |
The Mystery Of The Bog Mummies | Timeline
26:08 |
Wisconsin's Glowing Rocks
Wisconsin is a state in the Upper Midwest region of the United States, bordered by Minnesota to the west; Iowa to the southwest; Illinois to the south; Lake Michigan to the east; Michigan to the northeast; and Lake Superior to the north. Wisconsin is the 23rd-largest state by total area and the 20th-most populous.
Lake Superior is, by surface area, the world's largest freshwater lake, but that's not why it's called 'Superior'
It's because it's higher up, from the French 'Lac Superieur', which is Upper Lake.
Lake Superior has over 400 islands, and over 300 streams and rivers empty into it
Some of the world's oldest rocks, can be found on the Ontario shore of Lake Superior.
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Wisconsin is a midwestern U.S. state with coastlines on 2 Great Lakes (Michigan and Superior) and an interior of forests and farms.
The 's' isn't silent, so it's pronounced, WIZconsin
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The lake's name comes from the French word lac supérieur, which means "upper lake." It called this because it is north of Lake Huron, which was discovered first by Brûlé. The Objibways said that the lake was protected by Nanabijou, Spirit of the Deep Sea Water, according to the University of Wisconsin.
https://www.livescience.com/31952-lake-superior.htm
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There have been about 350 shipwrecks recorded in Lake Superior and she doesn't give up her dead. Over 10,000 lives have been lost in her waters. The water is so cold down there, that the bodies can be preserved, just like in a morgue
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There are so many different rocks, in,
and around, Lake Superior |
And, if you're not into rocks?, well, just like,
"Oils, ain't Oils", "Rocks, ain't just, rocks!" |
Lake Superior Rocks
Common igneous (having solidified from lava or magma) intrusive rocks found in Wisconsin include granite, diorite, syenite, and gabbro. Rocks that formed from magma reaching the earth's surface as lava flows, or other volcanic material, are termed extrusive rocks. Some of the most common extrusive rocks in the state are basalt, felsite, and rhyolite. https://wisconsindot.gov/Documents/doing-bus/eng |
Name That Rock! Lake Superior
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1988 CASTROL GTX2 Oils Ain't Oils
0:43 |
There are rocks, a bit more exciting than your average garden variety, like, the following-
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Magma is molten rock that's underground, Lava is molten rock that's on the Earth's surface.
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Some rocks contain several types of fluorescent minerals, and still others also have minerals that phosphoresce—meaning that they can hold on to some of the fluorescent light energy and continue to shine for a little while even after the light source is removed. Aragonite is an example.
https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/rocks-that-glow |
Geology.com
https://geology.com/rocks/rhyolite.shtml Sure, you can find these rocks elsewhere, but, Lake Superior, has special rocks, called, "Yooperlites"
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'Yooperlites', are a new discovery, of
glowing rocks. “You can find it (yooperlites) in Michigan, Wisconsin, Indiana, Minnesota, Pennsylvania and Ohio, Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, in farm fields, driveways, gravel pits.” It just takes a good quality UV flashlight, and patience.
www.interweave.com/article/jewelry/yooperlite-rock-hunting |
Recently discovered by Erik Rintamaki, Yooperlite rocks are actually Syenite rocks that are rich in fluorescent Sodalite
In 2017, Erik went out on a beach in Lake Superior with a UV light and discovered dozens of these glowing rocks. To the naked eye, they look like gray rocks, but under the UV light, the mineral composite makes the rocks glow. From humble beginnings, Yooperlites® are now an internet and news phenomenon and have been featured on TV & news sites across the globe. Erik wants people of all ages to learn more about Yooperlites and other rocks and minerals. https://www.yooperlites.com/yooperlite-story.html |
Picking Yooperlites on Lake Superior
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Hunting for Yooperlites Fluorescent stones on Lake Superior
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Just some of the beautiful stones that have been found, around Lake Superior
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Although, a lot of videos, are taken in Michigan, you can also find these rocks in Wisconsin
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A rock just went viral! A fellow found some glowing rocks on the beaches of Lake Superior and quickly realized how neat they were. He did some investigating, wandered over to the Facebook Fluorescent Mineral Group, had some ID work done, and confirmed that they were actually a mix of several minerals - sodalite, an alkali feldspar, and a bunch others - usually referred to as (nepheline?) syenite (an igneous rock containing several minerals). Sodalite is the mineral that is fluorescing orange and is very often one of the minerals in syenites from alkaline complexes naturesrainbow.com These "Yooperlite" rocks have been worn smooth by wave action over eons, and it is generally accepted that glacial activity transported them to the shores along the Great Lakes from the Caldwell Alkaline Complex in Canada. They seem to be also found in Wisconsin, and maybe even Illinois.
https://www.naturesrainbows.com/ |
Yooperlites, look like normal rocks, until they're exposed to UV lighting
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a type of energy produced by the sun and some artificial sources, such as arc welders and solariums. The sun’s UV is the main cause of skin cancer. Too much UV exposure also causes sunburn, tanning, premature ageing and eye damage.
https://www.sunsmart.com.au/uv-radiation/what-is-uv |
Ultraviolet (UV) light falls in the range of the EM spectrum between visible light and X-rays.
livescience.com/50326-what-is-ultraviolet-light.html UV radiation is widely used in industrial processes and in medical and dental practices for a variety of purposes, such as killing bacteria, creating fluorescent effects, curing inks and resins, phototherapy and suntanning.
ccohs.ca/oshanswers/phys_agents/ultravioletradiation |
Ultraviolet light discovered by Johann Wilhelm Ritter in 1801 when he noticed that invisible light beyond the optical region of the electromagnetic spectrum darkened silver chloride.
https://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/u/ultraviolet |
Johann Wilhelm Ritter
https://www.worldofchemicals.com/86/chemistry |
Just as humans can hear only a certain spectrum of frequencies and anything below or above that spectrum will be inaudible to our ears, the same goes for UV light. UV or ultraviolet light has a shorter wavelength than the light that’s visible to us, meaning that we’re simply not able to see it. The name comes from the fact that it is right below our visible spectrum, below the first light color that we can see, and that’s violet. UV light is on the part of the wavelength spectrum that reaches the Earth from the Sun.
https://www.ledwatcher.com/blacklights-vs-uv-lights-whats-the-difference/
https://www.ledwatcher.com/blacklights-vs-uv-lights-whats-the-difference/
Is a Black light a UV light?......yes, black lights are a sort of UV lights... Black light is a subcategory of *UV-A light. It was invented by a chemist and a physicist William H. Byler in 1935, and has proven extremely useful and practical ever since. Blacklight looks dark purple – at least the small amount of light that is in the visible spectrum wavelength.
*With the longest wavelength in the UV category, UVA rays make up 95% of light that reaches the Earth’s surface. ledwatcher.com/blacklights-vs-uv-lights-whats |
Blacklight was invented by Dr. William H. Byler in 1935 |
During World War II, Dr. Byler was instrumental in radar and infrared spectrum research because of his study of phosphors allowing our Allies to win the war. Air travel is much safer today because of this early radar...Dr. William H. Byler devoted his entire life to the study of luminescent chemicals which paved the way for many advances in technology then and now.
https://www.techwalla.com/articles/who-invented-the-black-light |
Walter Specht, invented Luminol, in 1937
Blood, even though it may be years old, and is invisible to the naked eye, it will glow, when sprayed with Luminol
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In 1937 Walter Specht at the University Institute for Legal Medicine in Jena, Germany developed Luminol as a test for blood. The test is so sensitive that it can detect blood in the parts per million range – even if it's years old! So, if there were one drop of blood in 999,999 drop of water, the luminal reagent glows!
www.chemistryworld.com/podcasts/luminol/7272.article |
Luminol is a chemical that exhibits chemiluminescence, with a blue glow, when mixed with an appropriate oxidizing agent. It is a white-to-pale-yellow crystalline solid that is soluble in most polar organic solvents, but insoluble in water. Forensic investigators use luminol to detect trace amounts of blood at crime scenes, as it reacts with the iron in hemoglobin.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luminol Chemiluminescence is the emission of light as the result of a chemical reaction.
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Most encyclopedias and physics books credit the great British astronomer Sir William Herschel with the discovery of infrared radiation in 1800.
www.americanscientist.org/article/herschel-and-the-puzzle Infrared light lies between the visible and microwave portions of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Infrared, is electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths longer than those of visible light. It is therefore invisible to the human eye. Wiki
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Since the primary source of infrared radiation is heat or thermal radiation, any object which has a temperature radiates in the infrared.
https://science.nasa.gov/ems/07_infraredwaves Infrared light is used to heat food sometimes - special lamps that emit thermal infrared waves are often used in fast food restaurants! Shorter, near infrared waves are not hot at all - in fact you cannot even feel them. These shorter wavelengths are the ones used by your TV's remote control.
https://www.univie.ac.at/geographie/fachdidaktik/ |
Unlike ultraviolet light - which has damaging effects upon the tissues and cells of the body - infrared light helps cells regenerate or repair themselves. Infrared light also improves the circulation of oxygen-rich blood in the body, promoting faster healing of deep tissues and relieving pain. https://www.news-medical.net/health/How-Does-Infrared |
Kirlian photography was discovered in 1939, by Semyon & Valentina Kirlin
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Kirlian photography is the capture of light from an object's corona discharge using a photographic plate placed very close to the object
The term ‘aura photography’ is often synonymous with Kirlian photography
Kirlian photography was accidentally discovered in 1939 by Semyon Kirlin and his wife Valentina after a visit to Krasnodar hospital. There, the pair witnessed a patient receiving high-frequency electrical generator treatment, which led them to conduct some experiments of their own. During the trials, they noticed that objects placed on a photographic plate and subjected to intense electric fields create an image on the surface. Because the technique is a type of contact print, there is no such thing as a Kirlian photography camera. Still, you can use a transparent electrode instead of a plate and capture the images with any modern digital camera.
www.pixsy.com/kirlian-photography-image-protection/ |
What a fascinating World we live in!
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Things that have a natural glow
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Glow Worm Caves of New Zealand in 360° | National Geographic
If you've never seen a 360° video before, Touch the screen & pull your mouse up, down & around 2:13 Understanding the natural wonder of bioluminescence
https://www.environment.sa.gov.au/goodliving/posts/2018/04/sea-sparkle |
12 Things That Really Glow in the Dark
thoughtco.com/things-that-glow 12 stunning photos of places that naturally glow in the dark insider.com/glow-in-the-dark How fish and shrimps could be recruited as underwater spies
www.bbc.com/news/business |
Wisconsin's Native Americans
Green Bay is the smallest city to have a National Football League franchise, the Green Bay Packers team was founded in 1919 by Curly Lambeau and George Calhoun. Because of the Packers' 13 Championships (9 NFL championships pre-merger, four (4) Super Bowl championships). Originally called the Indian Packers after the Indian Packing Company
http://www.authenticwisconsin.com/green_bay.html |
French explorer, Jean Nicolet, landed in green Bay, Wisconsin, in 1634
The painting above, hangs in the Brown County Court House, in Wisconsin
Green Bay is the oldest city in Wisconsin. Famous for the Green Bay Packers and is also the Toilet Paper Capital of the world. Nicolet founded a small trading post at Green Bay in 1634, originally named La Baye or La Baie des Puants (French for "the Bay of Stinking Waters"). Nicolet's settlement was one of the oldest European permanent settlements in America and makes it the oldest city in Wisconsin.
authenticwisconsin Green Bay did not invent the modern toilet paper roll, but in 1901, Northern Paper Mills of Green Bay produced the first "sanitary tissue" called Northern Tissue (each pack had 1,000 sheets of 4x10 inch paper that were pierced with a wire loop to hang from a nail). These early toilet paper rolls still had the occasional chip or splinter until Northern Paper developed the method of "linenizing" paper in 1935. This process made toilet paper both softer and "splinter-free" — and the rest is a gentler, less abrasive history.
authenticwisconsin |
There's been conjecture and confusion about where the name "Wisconsin" came from. As with so many state names, the original native American words and languages from which the names evolved have been lost. According to the Wisconsin Historical Society, Wisconsin means "river running through a red place" (the red place referring to the red sandstone bluffs of the Wisconsin Dells); they also say the name "is the English spelling of a French version of a Miami Indian name" for the Wisconsin river (which runs 430 miles through the center of Wisconsin).
Wisconsin became the 30th state on May 29, 1848. statesymbolsusa.org/symbol/wisconsin/name-origin/ |
The Dells of the Wisconsin River, is a 5-mile gorge on the Wisconsin River in south-central Wisconsin, USA. It is noted for its scenic beauty, in particular for its unique Cambrian sandstone rock formations and tributary canyons. wiki
The first European to visit what became Wisconsin was probably the French explorer Jean Nicolet. He canoed west from Georgian Bay through the Great Lakes in 1634. The British gradually took over Wisconsin during the French and Indian War, taking control of Green Bay in 1761 and gaining control of all of Wisconsin in 1763
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Prior to the arrival of Europeans, Wisconsin, was inhabited by, Native American Indians
Archeologists have found many clues of the past lives of the Native peoples in this region through excavation of sites all across the state. Effigy mounds, in the shape of animals, have been found as burial sites for the early Wisconsin inhabitants. Mississippian culture was also a significant era in the history of the early populations in Wisconsin over 1,000 years ago. In Wisconsin, these people are called Oneota. They lived in villages and planted gardens to grow crops such as corn, beans and squash. They had a complex trade network that extended to both the Atlantic and the Gulf coasts. Before European contact, American Indians lived throughout the area where Wisconsin is today. They lived off the land, farming, hunting and gathering, maintaining strong family ties and cultural traditions within their respective tribes.
https://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/minority-health/ |
American Indians in Wisconsin: The American Indian population in Wisconsin dates back centuries. Their presence in this state predates Wisconsin statehood and the majority of the population who came during that time.
https://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/minority-health/ Effigy Mounds Culture
https://www.wisconsinhistory.org/turningpoints/tp-004/ |
Most archaeologists now use the name, 'Oneota' to refer to several post-Woodland groups living on the Prairie Peninsula that appeared about A.D. 1000 and continued there until the Historic period (ca. A.D. 1650).
https://archaeology.uiowa.edu/oneota |
American Indians in Wisconsin have a rich cultural heritage that has been passed down from generation to generation by tribal elders. The presence of European settlers drastically altered their way of life.
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The Menominee, Ojibwe (Chippewa), Potawatomi, and Ho-Chunk (Winnebago) peoples are among the original inhabitants of Wisconsin. These groups have tribal councils, or governments, which provide leadership to the tribe. American Indians continue to maintain a strong presence in Wisconsin, and traditional beliefs and practices remain prominent in American Indian culture.
https://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/minority-health/ In 1804, the government forced the Sauk and Fox tribes to cede their land claims in southern Wisconsin in a treaty they had not agreed to. These actions led to the Black Hawk War of 1832.
Sauk and Fox tribes, family search
https://www.familysearch.org/wiki/en/Sac_and_Fox_Nation
The Winnebago Indians, called themselves, Hochunkgra, and once occupied half of Wisconsin & Northern half of Illinois
In 1829 a gold rush occurred on Cherokee land, speculators soon demanded that the U.S. Congress devolve to the states, the control of all real property owned by tribes and their members, Pres. Andrew Jackson, complied, by passing the 1830 removal Act
The British Proclamation of 1763 designated the region between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River as Indian Territory. Although that region was to be protected for the exclusive use of indigenous peoples, large numbers of Euro-American land speculators and settlers soon entered...In 1829 a gold rush occurred on Cherokee land in Georgia. Vast amounts of wealth were at stake:..Land speculators soon demanded that the U.S. Congress devolve to the states the control of all real property owned by tribes and their members. That position was supported by Pres. Andrew Jackson, who was himself an avid speculator. Congress complied by passing the Indian Removal Act (1830). The act entitled the president to negotiate with the eastern nations to effect their removal to tracts of land west of the Mississippi and provided some $500,000 for transportation and for compensation to native landowners. Jackson reiterated his support for the act in various messages to Congress.. “On Indian Removal” (1830) and “A Permanent Habitation for the American Indians” (1835) https://www.britannica.com/event/Trail-of-Tears |
The American Indian population in Wisconsin first saw White settlers with the arrival of French and English fur traders. The first were French trader Jean Nicolet and the missionary Jacques Marquette near the Red Banks in 1634. During this time, fur was the main focus and fur traders and missionaries worked with the American Indians to achieve their objectives for over 150 years, however, this changed when settlers came to Wisconsin.
https://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/minority-health/ Indigenous Peoples Resources
indigenouspeoplesresources.com/products/wisconsin The largest American Indian population in Wisconsin, the Menominee, was pressured to sell away 11,600 square miles of land along the lower Fox River. The Treaty of Prairie du Chien of 1825 was significant in the history of American Indians in Wisconsin, after European settlement... The Treaty of Prairie du Chien established a treaty of peace among the tribes and demarcated boundaries between settlers and American Indians. By 1871, most American Indians had been placed on reservations and the government discontinued its use of treaties with them.
https://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/minority-health/ The Trail of Tears was a series of forced re-locations of approximately 100,000 Native Americans between 1830 & 1850 by the U.S. government known as the Indian removal Act
https://www.britannica.com/event/Trail-of-Tears May 28, 1830: Indian Removal Act
The Indian Removal Act was signed into law by President Andrew Jackson on May 28, 1830, authorizing the president to grant lands west of the Mississippi in exchange for Indian lands within existing state borders. A few tribes went peacefully, but many resisted the relocation policy. During the fall and winter of 1838 and 1839, the Cherokees were forcibly moved west by the United States government. Approximately 4,000 Cherokees died on this forced march, which became known as the "Trail of Tears." Indian Removal Act: Primary Documents in American History guides.loc.gov/indian-removal-act The term Trail of Tears invokes the collective
suffering, those people experienced, although it is most commonly used in reference to the removal experiences of the Southeast Indians generally and the Cherokee nation specifically. Proclamation of 1763 British History
https://www.britannica.com/event/Proclamation-of-1763 Appalachian Mountains https://www.britannica.com/place/Appalachian-Mountains The Trail of Tears is over 5,043 miles long and covers nine states: Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Illinois, Kentucky, Missouri, North Carolina, Oklahoma and Tennessee. Today, the Trail of Tears, is run by the National Park Service and portions of it are accessible on foot, horse, bicycle or car.
www.history.com/native-american-history/trail-of-tears In 1987 the U.S. Congress designated the Trail of Tears as a National Historic Trail in memory of those who had suffered and died during removal.
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In Illinois and Wisconsin, the bloody Black Hawk War in 1832 opened to white settlement millions of acres of land that had belonged to the Sauk, Fox and other native nations.
Abraham Lincoln served as a volunteer in the Illinois Militia April 21, 1832 – July 10, 1832, during the
Black Hawk War Lincoln never saw combat during this time but was
elected captain of his first company. He was also present in the aftermath of two of the war's battles, where he helped to bury the militia dead. wiki |
The Black Hawk War, was a brief but bloody battle from April to August 1832 between the United States and Native Americans led by Black Hawk, to reclaim land in Illinois
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BLACK HAWK WAR, 1832. The defeat of Sauk and Fox Native Americans under Black Hawk by an American mixed force of militia and regular infantry led by General Henry Atkinson at the mouth of the Bad Axe River, Wisconsin,
2 August 1832
New book by a Wisconsin author delves into Black Hawk’s battle near Sauk City to save his people https://www.wiscnews.com/portagedailyregister/news/local |
Black Hawk War, brief but bloody war from April to August 1832 between the United States and Native Americans led by Black Hawk (Ma-ka-tai-me-she-kia-kiak), a 65-year-old Sauk warrior who in early April led some 1,000 Sauk, Fox, and Kickapoo men, women, and children, including about 500 warriors, across the Mississippi River to reclaim land in Illinois that tribal spokesmen had surrendered to the U.S. in 1804. The band’s crossing back into Illinois spurred fear and anger among white settlers, and eventually a force of some 7,000 mobilized against them—including members of the U.S. Army, state militias, and warriors from various other Indian peoples. Some 450–600 Indians and 70 soldiers and settlers were killed during the war. By 1837 all surrounding tribes had fled to the West, leaving most of the former Northwest Territory to white settlement.
https://www.britannica.com/event/Black-Hawk-War Black Hawk War begins
www.history.com/this-day-in-history/black-hawk-war-begins Black Hawk’s Intentions In 1832 www.britannica.com/event/Black-Hawk-War/Black-Hawks By 1871, most American Indians had been placed on reservations
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The Winnebago’s, Chippewa’s, Sioux, and Menomonie’s; all four tribes claiming territory along Black River within the present boundaries of Clark Co.
Pre 1907 Marriage, Birth, Death, Indexes for these areas
A license was required for “white” marriages but apparently not for Indian marriages. Births, regardless of race, were not always reported and many reports were delayed until the need for a birth certificate arose. Death certificates were required prior to burial for “whites” but not for Indians according to the cemetery records. A search of the on-site information revealed the following Indians on the Clark County, Wisconsin, pre-1907 indexes. Marriage Index
Name of bride and groom Marriage date page vol Stacy, Minnie & Younger, Andrew 16 Jan. 1876 93 1 Stacy, Victoria & Parkhill, William L 16 Jan. 1876 93 1 Birth Index Surname First name Birthdate Reel Image Winnebago 15 Jan 1884 30 2625 Winnebago Echo M 23 Apr 1903 31 2837 Winnebago Migtle B 07 May 1905 32 1072 Death Indexes Surname First name Death date Vol Page Stacy, Emery August 15, 1899 3 52 Stacy, Fred August 17, 1903 3 176 www.wiclarkcountyhistory.org/clark/history/Indians1.htm The Menominee Indian Tribe
https://www.menominee-nsn.gov/CulturePages/ The Oneida Tribe of Indians of Wisconsin
https://www.jefflindsay.com/Oneida.shtml The U.S. government stopped making treaties because it thought they prevented Indians from assimilating into white society. To encourage assimilation, Congress passed the General Allotment Act of 1887 — also known as the
Dawes Act. In their attempt to assimilate the Native populations, Congress passed the General Allotment Act of 1887, or the Dawes Act. The Dawes Act changed the ownership of tribal lands to individual ownership of 80-acre parcels. The extra land was sold to Whites to expose the American Indian population to mainstream society.
The Ojibwe lost more than 40 percent of their homelands to this Act.
The most populous tribe in North America, the Ojibwe (Ojibwa, Chippewa, or Saulteaux who are an Anishinaabe people) live in both the United States and Canada and occupy land around the entire Great Lakes, including Minnesota, North Dakota, Wisconsin, Michigan, and Ontario.
The Ojibwe, have the fifth-largest population among Native American peoples, surpassed in number only by the Navajo, Cherokee,
Choctaw and Sioux. |
Near the end of his life, Red Cloud, one of the most important Lakota leaders of the 19th century and a veteran of treaty negotiations, recounted his experience dealing with the U.S. government over disputed lands: “They made us many promises, more than I can remember, but they never kept but one; they promised to take our land, and they took it.” The 20th century slowly brought some progress for people living on Indian reservations. U.S. policy regarding the reservations began to turn around with the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934. Sometimes called the Indian New Deal, tribal sovereignty and land management by tribes was encouraged. The Act outlined new rights for Native Americans, while also reducing some of the earlier privatization of their collective property.
www.pbs.org/wgbh/roadshow/stories/articles/ The Latin root of treaty is tractare, which means “handle.” When two nations sign a treaty, they decide to handle things according to rules defined in their agreement.
www.vocabulary.com/dictionary Why were they called Indian Reservations?, because, the land was 'Reserved' specifically for the Native Indians.
Reservation land is held “in trust” for Indians by the federal government. The goal of this policy was originally to keep Indians contained to certain lands. Now, it has shifted to preserving these lands for indigenous peoples. But the effect is the same. Indians can’t own land, so they can’t build equity. This prevents American Indians from reaping numerous benefits.
www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/native-american Indian reservation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_reservation In the late nineteenth century through the 1920's, the federal government aimed to mainstream Native Americans through the policies of assimilation and allotment. The plan was to,
"de-Indianize" the people. In 1934, Congress passed the Indian Reorganization Act (IRA). This reversed the Dawes Act, and encouraged tribes to form tribal governments, draft constitutions, and provided political bodies that could assert their
sovereign rights. wisconsin.gov |
The termination policy of 1953, ended the federal recognition of more than 50 tribal governments, including the Menominee
The trials of life on many Indian reservations remain a complicated national issue today as Native Americans continue to cope with the effects of a legacy of forced relocation and the struggle to retain cultural traditions and languages.
www.pbs.org/wgbh/roadshow/articles/american-indian
In the 1950's, critics began to gain ground in their opposition to the Indian Reorganization Act and argued to dismantle the reservation system and free the federal government from the cost of protecting American Indians and their property. The House Concurrent Resolution 108 (passed in 1953) created goals of "termination and relocation," which were intended to move these populations from rural reservations to urban areas through job training programs and housing assistance. Most Wisconsin Indians who opted for this received one-way bus tickets to Chicago, Milwaukee, or St. Paul. This termination policy ended the federal recognition of more than 50 tribal governments, including the Menominee, who were one of the first tribes to undergo termination. Termination brought disastrous effects to this tribe, but with the help of a grassroots activist group, Determination of Rights and Unity for Menominee Shareholders (DRUMS), the Menominee were able to restore their status by 1975. wisconsin.gov |
Indigenous Peoples of Wisconsin, Family Search
familysearch.org/wiki/en/Indigenous_Peoples_of_Wisconsin Genealogical Resources, Wisconsin Historical Society https://www.wisconsinhistory.org/Records/Article/CS15307 Wisconsin Historical Museum and more https://www.wisconsinhistory.org/Records/Article/CS15312 For more than a century, Wisconsin tribes have fought to maintain their sovereignty and self-determination in the face of federal policies of assimilation, allotment, and termination. In the last generation, the tribes' legal status has been clearly defined, their traditional treaty rights guaranteed, and their economic base boosted by gaming and tourism.
www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/minority-health/population/ |
The ancestors of the Ojibwe lived throughout the northeastern part of North America and along the Atlantic Coast. Due to a combination of prophecies and tribal warfare, around 1,500 years ago the Ojibwe people left their homes along the ocean and began a slow migration westward that lasted for many centuries.
www.mnhs.org/fortsnelling/learn/native-americans/ojibwe One journalist spent a week on a reservation in America documenting crime, history and the harsh terrain.
Here’s what he saw www.thejournal.ie/photos-life-indian-reservation |
Catholicism on the Reservation is a blend of native belief and outside tradition.
Most Native Americans live in cities, not reservations.
Here are their stories www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/native-americans |
The Woodland Indians (BCE 700 to ca. CE 1300) were the first to make pottery, domesticate plants, and build earthen burial mounds here (Wisconsin). Between CE 600 and 900, they adopted the bow-and-arrow as a weapon and began raising corn. They also began burying their dead in uniquely shaped effigy mounds resembling birds, mammals or people. This Effigy Mound Culture constructed these distinctive burial mounds across the southern two-thirds of Wisconsin.
https://www.wisconsinhistory.org/Records/Article/ CE and BCE are used in exactly the same way as the traditional abbreviations AD and BC.
CE is an abbreviation for Common Era. BCE is short for Before Common Era. AD is short for Anno Domini, Latin for year of the Lord. BC is an abbreviation of Before Christ. According to the international standard for calendar dates, both systems are acceptable. www.timeanddate.com/calendar/ce-bce |
Winnebago Industries, Inc., is an American manufacturer of motorhomes, in the U.S.. ... The company is named after Winnebago County, where it is located. The county is named after the Native American tribe who have historically lived in the area.
A Brief History of the RV
www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation |
In 1966, Winnebago rolled out its first self-contained motorhomes: the F-19, built on a Ford chassis, and in 1967, the famous D22, built on a Dodge chassis. It was the first of many times Winnebago would set the pace for an
entire industry. www.usadventurerv.com/winnebago |
The Long, Long Trailer (1953) Lucille Ball (Trailer)
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In Wisconsin, Evidence of Human Sacrifice. Smithsonian
2:26 |