*Please note- This site search does not include the Vic. & Tas. BMD's, Lots o' Links & Worth a Look Books
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THOMAS SHAUGHNESSEY
CONVICT AND UNDERTAKER
Ca. 1773- 1837
Thomas Shaughnessy was born in Dublin Ireland c1773 & little is known about his younger years.
By the time Thomas was 20 years old, he had spent time in prison awaiting his trial in 1793, where he received a life sentence. He ended up being one of the convicts lying in a Cork prison awaiting transportation to Australia.
He arrived in N.S.W. on board the 'Tellicherry' in Feb. of 1806, along with 126 other male convicts & 35
females, all from Ireland. In addition, there were 28 privates of the New South Wales Corps & six children and two women, wives of two State prisoners. Among the men on board were political prisoners who had been involved in the rebellion.
Most of the prisoners arrived in good health, except a few cases of scurvy & one female & five male prisoners having died on the passage out. Thomas was assigned to one of the free settlers as were the other convicts, where he obviously worked hard & received a conditional Pardon on Oct 24 1809 & then followed by an Absolute Pardon on January 31st 1813.
According to the Colonial Secretarial Papers, Thomas requested a Sydney Land Grant in Sept 1813 with
permission to build a dwelling & workshop, where he became a cabinet maker & then later an Undertaker.
In 1817 he requested permission to procure Cedar in Port Stephens, due to the lack of timber in the Sydney
area.
Thomas Shaunessy (a widower) married Charlotte Earle on Oct 28 1819, Thomas being 29 years her Senior & had 6 (possibly 7) children together, Thomas having to bury at least one of his own. 1821 saw him once again obtaining permission to procure Cedar this time in Illawarra, employing 2 Sawyers & a carrier. The following year he placed an advertisement in The Sydney gazette as cabinet maker & Undertaker of Hunter st Sydney.
Thomas also had young apprentices assigned to him & some of these young people absconding, most likely due to an Undertaker's duties not being very pleasant. One female apprentice disguised herself as a male to avoid being caught while on the run, but unfortunately for her, a police officer greeted her 'good morning' whereby she replied in her normal voice and was caught & sentenced to one month in the Parramatta female prison/factory.
Despite his profession, Thomas had quite a sense of humour. While walking a Sydney street, passing a mare who was left improperly tied to a cart, he was 'unceremoniously saluted by a violent kick' he said, which precipitated him across the street further than the length of any of his coffins. A newspaper reference also tells of one of his young children falling down a well & almost drowning, before being rescued.
Shaughnessy must have been fairly well educated as he knew shorthand & was part of a jury on many occasions. He also had the reputation of always 'looking out for work' & had to publicly defend his honour after such times as when he found clothes on the shore while passing by & not seeing their owner he took them to the watch house. Two days later a drowning victim was found.
His name appeared many times in the newspaper as being owed money from various burials. One in particular,the local Reverent had told Thomas to spare nothing up to 50 & he would receive, but he only ended up receiving a mere 15.
In 1836, part of his premises caught fire, but was luckily extinguished in time before too much damage was done.
Thomas was buried in Sydney on May 7 1837 at 64 years of age, his wife Charlotte later marrying again.
Yes, you can find out all of these things & more about anyone, to try to put their life story together, but the one thing that is hard to find is, just what kind of a person were they?
Thomas' obituary sums it up nicely, entitled- 'Honest Tom Shaughnessy'. It tells of his kindness & charitable acts of burying the poor knowing very well that the widow & her children would not be able to pay him. This is what really brings his story to life, not the facts that we find, but finding out the true character.
So, from his beginnings as a convict, he made the best of his life & was well remembered for it. We all go down the wrong track at some point in our lives, some further off than others of course, but what matters is- that we get back on track like old Tom Shaughnessy who had a true Christian heart within!
Reference
Trove, Colonial Secretarial papers NSW, NSW BMD's
By the time Thomas was 20 years old, he had spent time in prison awaiting his trial in 1793, where he received a life sentence. He ended up being one of the convicts lying in a Cork prison awaiting transportation to Australia.
He arrived in N.S.W. on board the 'Tellicherry' in Feb. of 1806, along with 126 other male convicts & 35
females, all from Ireland. In addition, there were 28 privates of the New South Wales Corps & six children and two women, wives of two State prisoners. Among the men on board were political prisoners who had been involved in the rebellion.
Most of the prisoners arrived in good health, except a few cases of scurvy & one female & five male prisoners having died on the passage out. Thomas was assigned to one of the free settlers as were the other convicts, where he obviously worked hard & received a conditional Pardon on Oct 24 1809 & then followed by an Absolute Pardon on January 31st 1813.
According to the Colonial Secretarial Papers, Thomas requested a Sydney Land Grant in Sept 1813 with
permission to build a dwelling & workshop, where he became a cabinet maker & then later an Undertaker.
In 1817 he requested permission to procure Cedar in Port Stephens, due to the lack of timber in the Sydney
area.
Thomas Shaunessy (a widower) married Charlotte Earle on Oct 28 1819, Thomas being 29 years her Senior & had 6 (possibly 7) children together, Thomas having to bury at least one of his own. 1821 saw him once again obtaining permission to procure Cedar this time in Illawarra, employing 2 Sawyers & a carrier. The following year he placed an advertisement in The Sydney gazette as cabinet maker & Undertaker of Hunter st Sydney.
Thomas also had young apprentices assigned to him & some of these young people absconding, most likely due to an Undertaker's duties not being very pleasant. One female apprentice disguised herself as a male to avoid being caught while on the run, but unfortunately for her, a police officer greeted her 'good morning' whereby she replied in her normal voice and was caught & sentenced to one month in the Parramatta female prison/factory.
Despite his profession, Thomas had quite a sense of humour. While walking a Sydney street, passing a mare who was left improperly tied to a cart, he was 'unceremoniously saluted by a violent kick' he said, which precipitated him across the street further than the length of any of his coffins. A newspaper reference also tells of one of his young children falling down a well & almost drowning, before being rescued.
Shaughnessy must have been fairly well educated as he knew shorthand & was part of a jury on many occasions. He also had the reputation of always 'looking out for work' & had to publicly defend his honour after such times as when he found clothes on the shore while passing by & not seeing their owner he took them to the watch house. Two days later a drowning victim was found.
His name appeared many times in the newspaper as being owed money from various burials. One in particular,the local Reverent had told Thomas to spare nothing up to 50 & he would receive, but he only ended up receiving a mere 15.
In 1836, part of his premises caught fire, but was luckily extinguished in time before too much damage was done.
Thomas was buried in Sydney on May 7 1837 at 64 years of age, his wife Charlotte later marrying again.
Yes, you can find out all of these things & more about anyone, to try to put their life story together, but the one thing that is hard to find is, just what kind of a person were they?
Thomas' obituary sums it up nicely, entitled- 'Honest Tom Shaughnessy'. It tells of his kindness & charitable acts of burying the poor knowing very well that the widow & her children would not be able to pay him. This is what really brings his story to life, not the facts that we find, but finding out the true character.
So, from his beginnings as a convict, he made the best of his life & was well remembered for it. We all go down the wrong track at some point in our lives, some further off than others of course, but what matters is- that we get back on track like old Tom Shaughnessy who had a true Christian heart within!
Reference
Trove, Colonial Secretarial papers NSW, NSW BMD's
1. Finding Thomas
2. The Undertaker
3. Cork Prison
4. Prison Hulks
5. Hunter Valley Settlers
6. Parramatta Female Factory
7. Funerals
8. Irish Rebels to Australia
2. The Undertaker
3. Cork Prison
4. Prison Hulks
5. Hunter Valley Settlers
6. Parramatta Female Factory
7. Funerals
8. Irish Rebels to Australia
Finding Thomas
Obituary for Thomas Shaughnessey
The Sydney Monitor Mon 8 May 1837
NAME VARIATIONS IN THOMAS' FAMILY
You have to think way outside of the box sometimes
You have to think way outside of the box sometimes
Thomas- SHAUGHNESSY, SHOUGHNESSEY,
SHAUNESSY, O'SHAUGHNESSY
Mr. S. the Undertaker
Charlotte- EARLE, EARL, HURRELL (hurrell probably pronounced Hearl)
Charlotte's
Mother- Elizabeth (nee COKER)
EARLE, EARL, KIBBY (2nd Mar.)
also RIBBY
SHAUNESSY, O'SHAUGHNESSY
Mr. S. the Undertaker
Charlotte- EARLE, EARL, HURRELL (hurrell probably pronounced Hearl)
Charlotte's
Mother- Elizabeth (nee COKER)
EARLE, EARL, KIBBY (2nd Mar.)
also RIBBY
From The Colonial Secreterial papers
http://www.records.nsw.gov.au/state-archives/
http://www.records.nsw.gov.au/state-archives/
Marriage- N.S.W. Historic BMDs
Birth- 1821 SHAUGHNESSY CHARLOTTE
Death- 1821 SHAUGHNESSY CHARLOTTE Birth- 1822 SHAUGHNESSY JANE Birth- 1824 SHAUGHNESSY ANN Birth- 1826 SHAUGHNESSY CHARLOTTE Could not find Death of above (3 Charlottes) Birth- 1828 SHAUGHNESSY THOMAS Birth- 1830 SHAUGHNESSY WILLIAM F Birth- 1830 SHAUGHNESSY CHARLOTTE C |
THOMAS CHARLOTTE
INFANT THOMAS CHARLOTTE THOMAS CHARLOTTE THOMAS CHARLOTTE THOMAS CHARLOTTE THOMAS CHARLOTTE THOMAS CHARLOTTE |
Birth, Deaths, from The N.S.W. Historic BMDs- Search
http://www.bdm.nsw.gov.au/Pages/family-history/family-histor
http://www.bdm.nsw.gov.au/Pages/family-history/family-histor
*The NSW BMDs Search Engine, seems to like capitals better than lowercase.
From- Irish Rebels to Australia 1800 - 1806
Search Database-
http://members.pcug.org.au/~ppmay/rebels.htm
Search Database-
http://members.pcug.org.au/~ppmay/rebels.htm
Other Sites Used for the Story-
Free Settler or Felon?
http://www.jenwilletts.com/index.htm
Early Land Settlement in Illawarra 1804-1861
http://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article= 10
The History of Illawarra and its Pioneers
https://ia600303.us.archive.org/22/items/ cu3192400
Victoria Government Gazette
http://gazette.slv.vic.gov.au/search/?searchResults
The Convict Settlement at Hunter's River(Newcastle)-Hunter Valley Genealogy
http://www.huntervalley genealogy.com/Convict.pdf
Index to the Colonial Secretary's Letters relating to land, 1826-56
http://www.records.nsw.gov.au/state-archives/indexes-online/colonial-secretary
All Newspaper Articles from TROVE
http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/result?q=tellicherry&sortby=dateAsc
Free Settler or Felon?
http://www.jenwilletts.com/index.htm
Early Land Settlement in Illawarra 1804-1861
http://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article= 10
The History of Illawarra and its Pioneers
https://ia600303.us.archive.org/22/items/ cu3192400
Victoria Government Gazette
http://gazette.slv.vic.gov.au/search/?searchResults
The Convict Settlement at Hunter's River(Newcastle)-Hunter Valley Genealogy
http://www.huntervalley genealogy.com/Convict.pdf
Index to the Colonial Secretary's Letters relating to land, 1826-56
http://www.records.nsw.gov.au/state-archives/indexes-online/colonial-secretary
All Newspaper Articles from TROVE
http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/result?q=tellicherry&sortby=dateAsc
The Undertaker
When the place was packed full, the undertaker he slid around in his black gloves with his softly, soothering ways, putting on the last touches, and getting people and things all ship-shape and comfortable, and making no more sound than a cat.
He never spoke: he moved people around, he squeezed in the late ones, he opened up passage ways, and done it all with nods and signs with his hands. Then he took his place over against the wall. He was the softest, glidingest, stealthiest man I ever see, and there weren't no more smile to him than there is to a ham.
~ Mark Twain. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884)
He never spoke: he moved people around, he squeezed in the late ones, he opened up passage ways, and done it all with nods and signs with his hands. Then he took his place over against the wall. He was the softest, glidingest, stealthiest man I ever see, and there weren't no more smile to him than there is to a ham.
~ Mark Twain. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884)
Undertakers had it Hard
Just like Thomas Shaughnessy, other Undertakers would be left unpaid & unable to meet the costs of running their business. Being an Undertaker would have been one of the worst professions for unpaid work, as the person liable was now deceased. Sadly, some like Mr. Wellington of Ballarat, chose to end their own lives. Argus, Melbourne Sat 3 Dec 1910
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From Furniture Maker to Undertaker
https://mysendoff.com/2011/12/from-furniture-maker Furniture or Cabinet making went together with the Funeral Business & making Coffins. Undertakers were quite often in both Trades
UNDERTAKER Alexander Hart, Glaswegian cabinet maker, Scottish radical & convict http://www.jbhawkinsantiques.com/uploads/ articles |
Just a Few Undertakers from the Newspapers & Year When First Appeared
1837 James Curtis & Co. Undertaker Hunter Street (Sydney)
1838 J.Templeton Undertaker Castlereagh-street (Sydney)
1839 Edward Hunt, Undertaker (Sydney)
1839 William Wallis Undertaker (Sydney)
1841 James Johnson, Cabinetmaker, Upholsterer, and Undertaker Church Street Parramatta (Sydney)
1843 John Bryant, Undertaker, Murray-street (Sydney)
1845 Henry Thomas, Clarence street Undertaker, 1850 King Street West (Sydney)
1847 Mr. Kempley Undertaker (Sydney)
1847 A. Barry, Undertaker. (Melbourne)
1848 John Hill Jr. Undertaker (Sydney)
1848 Charles Kinsela Undertaker Goulburn Street (Sydney)
1849 Richard Hayes Undertaker (Sydney)
1850 J. Atkinson, of Howard Town Undertaker (NSW)
1850 William Smith, Undertaker (Launceston)
1850 James Willis Undertaker, (Sydney)
1850 R. STEWART, Cabinet-maker, Upholsterer, and Undertaker, Pitt street (Sydney)
1850 M. Gannon Undertaker (Sydney)
1850 S. Crook Undertaker, (Melbourne)
1851 W.R. Green Undertaker (Sydney)
1851 Rossiter Brothers, Pitt Street Undertaker (Sydney)
1851 W. King, Geelong Undertaker (Victoria)
1851 J. McCarthy Undertaker (Tasmania)
1851 J. & C. Beaver Undertakers Castlereagh-street. (Sydney)
1852 R. Craig Undertaker Sloane-street (Goulburn)
1852 William Myles Undertaker. (Sydney)
1852 John Brown, Undertaker, St.John-street, (Launceston)
1852 Hudson & son Undertakers Moorabool street (Geelong)
1852 C.Daley Undertaker (Sydney)
1853 John Hill Jr. & Sons/Son Undertakers King and William streets (Sydney)
1853 W. Bragg Undertaker (Geelong)
1853 Richard Lewis, Undertaker, Young-street, Johnston-street, (Collingwood)
1853 John Stoneham Undertaker, (Geelong)
1853 Walter & Reuben Thomas Undertakers, King-street West (Sydney)
1853 Charles Daley Undertaker Goulburn and Sussex streets (Sydney)
1861 Thomas Primrose, Undertaker (Windsor)
1861 Thomas Dixon Undertaker South Head Road and George-street South (Sydney)
1861 John Smith Undertaker Parramatta-street, (Sydney)
1861 G. & J. Shying Undertakers (Sydney)
1866 J.A. Earl Undertaker (Shepherd's Paddock)
1877 John Daley Undertaker Latrobe & Spring Streets (Melbourne)
1877 Henry Allison, Undertaker (Victoria)
http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/result?q=undertaker
1838 J.Templeton Undertaker Castlereagh-street (Sydney)
1839 Edward Hunt, Undertaker (Sydney)
1839 William Wallis Undertaker (Sydney)
1841 James Johnson, Cabinetmaker, Upholsterer, and Undertaker Church Street Parramatta (Sydney)
1843 John Bryant, Undertaker, Murray-street (Sydney)
1845 Henry Thomas, Clarence street Undertaker, 1850 King Street West (Sydney)
1847 Mr. Kempley Undertaker (Sydney)
1847 A. Barry, Undertaker. (Melbourne)
1848 John Hill Jr. Undertaker (Sydney)
1848 Charles Kinsela Undertaker Goulburn Street (Sydney)
1849 Richard Hayes Undertaker (Sydney)
1850 J. Atkinson, of Howard Town Undertaker (NSW)
1850 William Smith, Undertaker (Launceston)
1850 James Willis Undertaker, (Sydney)
1850 R. STEWART, Cabinet-maker, Upholsterer, and Undertaker, Pitt street (Sydney)
1850 M. Gannon Undertaker (Sydney)
1850 S. Crook Undertaker, (Melbourne)
1851 W.R. Green Undertaker (Sydney)
1851 Rossiter Brothers, Pitt Street Undertaker (Sydney)
1851 W. King, Geelong Undertaker (Victoria)
1851 J. McCarthy Undertaker (Tasmania)
1851 J. & C. Beaver Undertakers Castlereagh-street. (Sydney)
1852 R. Craig Undertaker Sloane-street (Goulburn)
1852 William Myles Undertaker. (Sydney)
1852 John Brown, Undertaker, St.John-street, (Launceston)
1852 Hudson & son Undertakers Moorabool street (Geelong)
1852 C.Daley Undertaker (Sydney)
1853 John Hill Jr. & Sons/Son Undertakers King and William streets (Sydney)
1853 W. Bragg Undertaker (Geelong)
1853 Richard Lewis, Undertaker, Young-street, Johnston-street, (Collingwood)
1853 John Stoneham Undertaker, (Geelong)
1853 Walter & Reuben Thomas Undertakers, King-street West (Sydney)
1853 Charles Daley Undertaker Goulburn and Sussex streets (Sydney)
1861 Thomas Primrose, Undertaker (Windsor)
1861 Thomas Dixon Undertaker South Head Road and George-street South (Sydney)
1861 John Smith Undertaker Parramatta-street, (Sydney)
1861 G. & J. Shying Undertakers (Sydney)
1866 J.A. Earl Undertaker (Shepherd's Paddock)
1877 John Daley Undertaker Latrobe & Spring Streets (Melbourne)
1877 Henry Allison, Undertaker (Victoria)
http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/result?q=undertaker
Sydney Herald (NSW), Friday 9 July 1841
Cork Prison
Cork Prison- Life in Jail
http://www.inverarayjail.co.uk/the-jails-story/life-in-jail.aspx
http://www.inverarayjail.co.uk/the-jails-story/life-in-jail.aspx
Study of Available 19th Century
Irish Debtors’ Records Debtors were the only class of prisoner that the penal system set out to punish by detention. This is reflected in the fact that of the nine prisons operating in Dublin in the 18th & 19th Centuries, 5 were exclusively devoted to debtors. http://media.wix.com/ugd/58e9cf_583036063af84cf60 Latest Criminal Records
http://www.ancestry.co.uk/cs/uk/criminal About Irish prison records dates 1790-1924.
http://www.irish-genealogy-toolkit.com/irish-prison |
Cork City Gaol- Virtual Tourist http://www.virtualtourist.com/ travel/Europe/ History of Cork City Gaol http://corkcitygaol.com/about/history/ Convicts
Irish Convicts to New South Wales 1788-1849 http://members.pcug.org.au/~ppmay/cgi-bin/ Irish Convicts Transported to Australia http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/ ~fianna/oc Convicts and the British colonies in Australia http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian |
Prison Hulks
Prison Hulks on the River Thames 1856
Prisons and Lockups
Hulks were created following the 1776 statute which ordered that male prisoners sentenced to transportation should be put to hard labour improving the navigation of the Thames, also hulks were an emergency measure to cope with prison overcrowding following the interruption to transportation caused by the outbreak of war with America.
http://www.londonlives.org/static/Prisons.jsp
Hulks were created following the 1776 statute which ordered that male prisoners sentenced to transportation should be put to hard labour improving the navigation of the Thames, also hulks were an emergency measure to cope with prison overcrowding following the interruption to transportation caused by the outbreak of war with America.
http://www.londonlives.org/static/Prisons.jsp
CLAIM A CONVICT
http://www.claimaconvict.net/ National Museum of Australia-Irish convicts http://www.nma.gov.au/exhibitions/irish_in_ aust Conditions on a Convict ship Of the prisoners on the Tellicherry, twenty-nine men had been tried in County Dublin and twenty-two in the city of Dublin. Some of these men were also held in Kilmainham Gaol at Dublin prior to transportation on the Tellicherry. http://www.jenwilletts.com/conditions_on_convict |
Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser Sunday 16 February 1806
Hulks were convenient temporary holding and secure quarters for the convicts who were awaiting transportation
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Free Settler or Felon?- Search
http://www.jenwilletts.com/index.htm Prison-ship in Portsmouth Harbour, convicts going aboard, Edward William Cooke, 1828, hand-coloured etching. Rex Nan Kivell Collection, National Library of Australia
http://sydneylivingmuseums.com.au/stories/convict The smallpox hulks in Deptford Creek
http://www.portcities.org.uk/london/server/show/con A hulk is a ship that is actually afloat, but is incapable of going to sea, whereas ‘Convict Ships are seaworthy ships whose main purpose was to
transport convicts. Prison hulks, were decomissioned vessels used by Britain during the 18th & 19th centuries, to house prisoners of war & those awaiting transportation to penal colonies. Rife with death, disease and despair, ran rampant. Monuments to those who suffered and died in horrific circumstances below their decks have been erected on both sides of the Atlantic.
http://www.oldpolicecellsmuseum.org.uk/page/britis Conditions on board the floating gaols were appalling. The standards of hygiene were so poor that disease spread quickly. The sick were given little medical attention and were not separated from the healthy. Mortality rates of around 30% were quite common. Between 1776 and 1795, nearly 2000 out of almost 6000 convicts serving their sentence on board the hulks died.
http://www.portcities.org.uk/london/server/show/Co |
Decisions of the Superior Courts
of NSW 1788-1899 Case index http://www.law.mq.edu.au/research/colonial_case |
The Sydney Gazette and NSW Advertiser
Friday 2 August 1822 |
Hunter Valley Settlers
Hunter Valley Settlers
http://www.jenwilletts.com/SettlersHome.htm Colonial Secreterial papers
http://www.records.nsw.gov.au/state-archives/ |
Heritage Study of pre 1850's Homestead Complexes in the Hunter Region
The schedule of conditions attached to the land grants outlined the government’s requirements for improvements and the settlers’ obligations to develop their lands. A specific requirement was introduced for the landholder to receive as a servant, one convict for every 100 acres granted. It was the landholder’s responsibility to feed & clothe the convict & to pay the colony an annual sum for clerical and medical attendance (if the settler resided within 6 miles of a church or hospital). Convicts were employed in great numbers throughout the Hunter Region and if the landholder was successful, the size of land did not necessarily limit the number of convicts a particular settler could support. http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/resources/heritage |
Land in The Early Colony
Land was, in the early days of the Colony, bestowed upon any man, bond or free, who could undertake to support himself.Any man, bond or free, provided that he gave pledge that his family would remain in the Colony got a considerable concession for his wife & each of his children. Grants of from 50 to 100 acres were given to all children under a certain age coming into the Colony, as well as to those who were born within the Colony. Men of means & energy got thereby every encouragement by way of large tracts of land & free labor to assist them in clearing & cultivating their holding, whether large or small. From- The History of Illawarra and its Pioneers The History of Illawarra and its Pioneers
https://ia600303.us.archive.org/22/items/ cu3192400 |
EARLY SETTLERS
Chronological List of Descriptive Accounts of the Coquun-Hunter River Region: 1770-1800 http://libguides.newcastle.edu.au/ content.php?pid The Convict Settlement at Hunter's River(Newcastle)-Hunter Valley Genealogy http://www.huntervalley genealogy.com/Convict.pdf Illawarra Family History Group Inc http://illawarrafhg.blogspot.com.au/ The Hunter River gazette and journal of agriculture, commerce, politics, and news. http://www.nla.gov.au/ferg/issn/13299611.html Raymond Terrace, on the Hunter River in NSW http://www.sketchleycottage.org.au/ Hunter Valley Genealogy http://www.huntervalleygenealogy.com/ Exploring the world at Port Macquarie http://www.nma.gov.au/av/portmacquarie/ Victoria Government Gazette http://gazette.slv.vic.gov.au/search/?searchResults Coal River Working Party Newcastle
http://coalriver.wordpress.com/history/ Early Land Settlement in Illawarra 1804-1861
http://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article= 10 Illawarra Museum http://www.illawarramuseum.com/ |
Parramatta Female Factory
In the 1830's the Female Factory at Parramatta was
divided into three different classes. 1st Class included - Those women employed at the factory or awaiting assignment. Those who were homeless and those who had been returned from assignment without complaint and who were eligible for immediate reassignment. They were employed at spinning and carding and similar occupations. 2nd Class-(Probationary) - Those returned from assignment because of bad behaviour and those being promoted from 3rd class or demoted from 1st class. They were employed at the same work as the 1st Class but could not be assigned to private service. Females who became pregnant while in service were included in the 2nd Class. 3rd Class- These women were kept at hard labour such as breaking stones. They may have been deprived of tea and sugar, may have been placarded or had their heads shaved.' |
Parramatta Female Factory Precinct
http://www.parragirls.org.au/ HOW TO USE INDEX FEMALE FACTORY PARRAMATTA, 1826-1848
http://guides.sl.nsw.gov.au/content.php?pid=4453 Female Prison Parramatta
Extract from a Copy of a Letter from Governor Macquarie to the Earl Bathurst; dated Government-House, Sydney, New South Wales, 4th of December 1817......... When the female convicts arrive they are regularly mustered by my secretary on board ship, and the usual questions are put to them in regard to their good or bad treatment during the voyage; and if they appear healthy, and do not complain of ill-usage, they are either assigned to such married persons as require them for servants, or sent to work at the Government-factory at Parramatta. http://www.jenwilletts.com/female_factory_parrama |
Funerals
History of Funeral Care
Undertakers were connected with the making of the casket, usually a box, and therefore were the owners of a hardware store, lumber yard, sawmill or furniture store. Body preparation and visitation (called wakes) were held in the home. Wakes are so named because people stayed awake all night near the dead. Cooling boards with ice beneath were used for preservation of the body. Embalming preserves and disinfects tissues. Previously, many diseases of the dead affected the living (TB, influenza). Also bodies with communicable diseases in the cemetery affected the living through ground water.
http://www.annandaleonline.com/ History/HistoryClub/Programs/ ArtDingmann-2-6-06.htm
Undertakers were connected with the making of the casket, usually a box, and therefore were the owners of a hardware store, lumber yard, sawmill or furniture store. Body preparation and visitation (called wakes) were held in the home. Wakes are so named because people stayed awake all night near the dead. Cooling boards with ice beneath were used for preservation of the body. Embalming preserves and disinfects tissues. Previously, many diseases of the dead affected the living (TB, influenza). Also bodies with communicable diseases in the cemetery affected the living through ground water.
http://www.annandaleonline.com/ History/HistoryClub/Programs/ ArtDingmann-2-6-06.htm
Hearseworks- Pics of Hearses, old, unusual & more
http://www.hearse.com/cenowa/pages/ind |
The new Binz hearse with flat screen to play memorial video. For somebody, not 'THE' body to watch
Many doctors were coroners. Now there are specialized forensic pathologists. At one time, hospitals were rated on the percentage of autopsies they did.
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Funeral Fun "What happened was that the funeral home was on the top of a steep hill. One day the transfer crew returned and were about to reverse into the mortuary when the driver had an epileptic fit which resulted in him losing control of the van. The van then rolled down the hill, picking up speed as it went, and crashed into the front room of a house. Luckily nobody was hurt in the crash, however the van was full at the time. Yes, it had four bodies on board. One of the other staff ran to the manager informing him of the accident..... Upon realising it had actually happened several staff rushed over with another van and moved the bodies out of the now destroyed van quietly and quickly before the residence or anyone else found out." read more......... http://theothersideoffunerals.blogspot.com |
One Undertaker in the U.S. during the Wild West, Gold Rush period offered-
FUNERAL TRIVIA
An Undertaker was a politician in the Irish parliament (ended 1800) who, as a party leader, undertook to support government business, or to support a particular policy. In the 14th century, the word referred to someone who agreed to take responsibility for or promised to complete a task. 16% of mercury emission in the UK per year is from dental work in Cremations The energy used for one year worth of Cremations in the U.S. is the same as for trips to the moon and back over 80 times |
Irish Rebels to Australia
Irish Rebels to Australia 1800 - 1806
The exact number of Rebels sent cannot be ascertained due to the poor state of information on the Shipping Indents. Following the demise of the 1798 and 1803 Irish Rebellions, a number of the leaders and high-risk rebels were kept either in Kilmainham gaol or in prison ships. Rebel remnants were transported to New South Wales with the hope that none would ever return. Search Database- http://members.pcug.org.au/~ppmay/rebels.htm Convicts to Australia
http://members.iinet.net.au/~perthdps/convicts/list |
IRISH REBELLION
National 1798 Rebellion Centre http://www.1798centre.ie/ The Rebellion Papers http://www.nationalarchives.ie/topics/ rebellion/ |