*Please note- This site search does not include the Vic. & Tas. BMD's, Lots o' Links & Worth a Look Books
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In Scotland, a Loch is a Lake,
Loch Ness, has a giant sea snake;
Now Nessie's her name,
She's brought the Loch fame,
This tale, is it True, or a Fake?
Loch Ness, has a giant sea snake;
Now Nessie's her name,
She's brought the Loch fame,
This tale, is it True, or a Fake?
PECULIAR PLACEs
AND OTHER DESTINATIONS
LOCH NESS
1. The Lochs of Scotland
2. Sea Monsters
3. The Loch Line Fleet (includes link to Marine BMDs)
4. Clipper Ships (and others, including Coffin Ships)
5. Inside a Bottle (messages, including names & ships) also Ocean Trivia
2. Sea Monsters
3. The Loch Line Fleet (includes link to Marine BMDs)
4. Clipper Ships (and others, including Coffin Ships)
5. Inside a Bottle (messages, including names & ships) also Ocean Trivia
The Lochs of Scotland
Loch is the Irish, Scottish Gaelic and Scots word for a lake or a sea inlet. Like the Manx lough, Cornish logh, and the Welsh word for lake, llyn (wiki)
A 'Lochan' is a small Loch
The Irish word 'Lough'
is pronounced 'Loch' |
It has been estimated that there are at least 31,460
freshwater lochs (including lochans) in Scotland & more than 7,500 in the Western Isles alone. (wiki) List of lochs of Scotland
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_lochs List of loughs (pronounced Loch) of Ireland https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_loughs |
The UK Lakes Portal is a new online gateway to discover the lakes of the United Kingdom, linking data from many institutions into one national hub.
https://www.ceh.ac.uk/news-and-media/news/uk Loch Ness is a large, deep, freshwater loch in the Scottish Highlands extending for approximately 37 kilometres southwest of Inverness. Its surface is 16 metres above sea level.
Its deepest point until recently, was 230 m (126 fathoms; 755 ft), making it the second deepest loch in Scotland after Loch Morar.
The Bonnie Banks o' Loch Lomond
A well-known traditional Scottish song first published in 1841. The lyrics most commonly known are not the original, which was based on a Jacobite lament written after the Battle of Culloden. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bonnie_Banks Based on a Jacobite Lament, The "High Road" is thought to be the road normally travelled, while the "Low Road" is referring to death.
The words with variations must have been sung for almost a century before being collected for the 1841 publication. Whatever the detail, the high road and low road allusions are usually said to be the ‘high road’ as in the main road, as opposed to the ‘low road’ of death, where the spirit of the soldier returns immediately to his homeland.
http://www.lochlomondtrossachs.org.uk/ Baldwin-Wallace Men's Chorus. Loch Lomond.
5:16 "Not exactly my cup of tea"
Warwick China Company enjoyed a long history – over sixty years producing decorative pieces, fine dinnerware and finally, vitrified china. According to their catalog ca. 1940s, they produced “Vitrified China for Hotels, Clubs, Restaurants, Institutions, Steamships, Railroads, and Hospitals.” No doubt, their entry into china production for commercial accounts was one way in which the Warwick China Company hoped to keep the kilns firing and so many residents of Wheeling employed. Sadly, this manufacturer closed in doors in 1951.
https://putnamandspeedwell.com/2015/07/19/ West Virginia Archives & History
http://www.wvculture.org/history/genealogy/ Forebears- West Virginia https://forebears.io/united-states/west-virginia |
Loch Morar is a freshwater loch in Lochaber, Highland, Scotland. It is the fifth-largest loch by surface area in Scotland, at 26.7 km2 (10.3 sq mi), and the deepest freshwater body in the British Isles with a maximum depth of 310 m (1,017 ft).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loch_Morar Has a new depth of 889 feet been recorded in Loch Ness, beating the established record of 754 feet by 135 feet? New sonar readings suggest so, but some third party verification may be required.
"Loch Ness is part of a huge earthquake fault line that runs from Canada to Norway. In 2013, there was a 2.4 magnitude quake in the loch
http://lochnessmystery.blogspot.com/2016/01 Some say, that 'Nessie', the Water horse, or Sea Monster, is lurking in these depths
Loch Morar is the Deepest freshwater body in the British Isles Fifty of the Best Lochs in Scotland
https://www.zigzagonearth.com/best-lochs 10 wonderful Welsh rivers, lakes and waterways
http://www.visitwales.com/sea/10-wonderful The Lochs were considered to be so beautiful, that two companies- Wedgwood Ltd & Warwick China co., made 'The Lochs of Scotland' Dinnerware
Tray with moulded side handles and printed in a steely blue. Backstamp: Lochs of Scotland Enoch Wedgwood (Tunstall) Ltd England Trade Mark Founded in 1635 Genuine Hand Engraving
Wedgwood and Co Lochs of Scotland China https://www.blueandwhite.com/museum.asp? Collectable Dinner Ware
http://www.collectable-china.co.uk/?page_id=16488 Josiah Wedgwood and Sons, commonly known as Wedgwood, is a fine china, porcelain, and luxury accessories company founded on 1 May 1759 by English potter and entrepreneur Josiah Wedgwood.
Josiah Wedgwood worked with the established potter Thomas Whieldon until 1759, when relatives leased him the Ivy House in Burslem, Stoke-on-Trent, where he started his own pottery business. He married a distant cousin, Sarah Wedgwood, who had a sizable dowry, which helped him launch his new venture. In 1765, Wedgwood created a new form of earthenware, which impressed the then British Queen consort Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, giving him official permission to call it "Queen's Ware", which sold extremely well across Europe. In 1766, Wedgwood bought Etruria, a large Staffordshire estate, as both a home and factory site. He developed a number of further industrial innovations, notably a way of measuring kiln temperatures accurately and the new ware types Black Basalt and Jasper Ware. In 1987, Wedgwood merged with Waterford Crystal to create Waterford Wedgwood, an Ireland-based luxury brands group. The main assets of Waterford Wedgwood were purchased by the New York City-based private equity firm KPS Capital Partners in 2009, and the group became known as WWRD Holdings Limited, an acronym for "Waterford Wedgwood Royal Doulton". On 2 July 2015, Fiskars Corporation acquired WWRD. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wedgwood Jasperware is a kind of fine hard porcelain used for Wedgwood cameos and other delicate work
In 1775, as the result of a long series of experiments to discover the techniques of porcelain manufacture, Josiah Wedgwood developed Jasperware. Its name comes from the fact that it resembles the hardness of the jasper stone. Jasper is white in its natural state and is stained with metallic oxide colouring agents. (Britannica) Wedgwood Family Tree
http://www.potteryhistories.com/wedgwoodfamily
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Lewis Count, West Virginia, facebook page
https://www.facebook.com/Lewis-County West Virginia Cemetery Records http://www.interment.net/us/wv/index.htm Genealogy of the Greenlee families : in America, Scotland, Ireland and England : with ancestors of Elizabeth Brooks Greenlee and Emily Brooks Greenlee, also genealogical data on the McDowells of Virginia and Kentucky
Volume 1 Volume 2 History of the Second regiment West Virginia cavalry volunteers
https://archive.org/stream/HistoryOfTheSecondRe |
Calendar of wills in West Virginia, no. 49,
Upshur County (Buckhannon) https://archive.org/stream/calendarofwillsi00 Early Wills of Hardy County, West Virginia https://archive.org/stream/jstor-1914682/ Myers' History Of West Virginia vol 1 archive.org/stream/HistoryOfWestVirginia/ Myers' History Of West Virginia vol 2 https://archive.org/stream/myershistoryof Genealogical and personal history of the upper Monongahela valley, West Virginia, By Bernard Lee Butcher 1912
https://archive.org/stream/genealogicalpers02 |
Sea Monsters
The hippocamp (in this sketch from Pompeii) is a water creature that has been referred to as a water horse.
The earliest written reference to a monster in Loch Ness is a 7th-century biography of Saint Columba, the Irish missionary who introduced Christianity to Scotland. In 565 A.D., according to the biographer, St. Columba was on his way to visit the king of the northern Picts near Inverness when he stopped at Loch Ness to confront a beast that had been killing people in the lake. Seeing a large beast about to attack another man, St. Columba intervened, invoking the name of God and commanding the creature to “go back with all speed.” The monster retreated and never harmed another man.
https://www.history.com/topics/loch-ness-monster Kelpie, or water kelpie, is the Scots name given to a shape-shifting water spirit inhabiting the lochs and pools of Scotland.
Almost every sizeable Scottish body of water has a kelpie story associated with it, but the most widely reported is the kelpie of Loch Ness.
Celtic Folklore https://rowenafoxelle.wordpress.com/2014/09/30/ The hobgoblin known as the water-kelpie never assumed the human form: it often presented itself to the belated traveller close to some stream which he had to cross, in the shape of a small pony, which easily allowed itself to be caught.
https://books.google.com.au/books?id=3m Many Wild tales & Scottish Myths of Kelpies
(click on image to view clip)
Loch Ness Monster (6min) TV-PG Loch Ness expert Adrian Shine discusses his involvement with the Loch Ness Project and recaps his decades spent working to uncover the truth behind the Loch Ness monster. In Canadian folklore, Ogopogo or Naitaka (lake demon) is a lake monster reported to live in Okanagan Lake, in British Columbia, Canada. Ogopogo has been allegedly seen by First Nations people since the 19th century. The most common description of Ogopogo is a 40 to 50-foot-long (12 to 15 m) sea serpent resembling an extinct Basilosaurus or Mosasaurus.
Brief History of the Ogopogo
https://www.kelownanow.com/watercooler/news/ Morag is the nickname given to a loch monster believed by some to live in Loch Morar, Scotland. After Nessie, it is among the most written about of Scotland's legendary monsters. Reported sightings date back to 1887, and included 34 incidents by 1981. Sixteen of these involved multiple witnesses. (wiki)
Morar Loch — the deepest lake in the three kingdoms — has gained the reputation of harbouring a monster so mysterious and uncanny that the dwellers in these parts live in perpetual terror of it. " Morag," as the apparition has been christened.....
Lochaber in War & Peace: Being a Record of Historical Incidents, 1908 Loch Morar monster Morag sightings uncovered
https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-highlands |
Scholars of the Loch Ness Monster find a dozen references to “Nessie” in Scottish history, dating back to around 500 A.D., when local Picts carved a strange aquatic creature into standing stones near Loch Ness.
https://www.history.com/topics/loch-ness-monster This carving, believed to be neolithic in origin, was found at Balmacaan House, which used to be near Loch Ness until it was knocked down in the 1930's. It has been speculated that the serpent-like form my be some reference to the animals in Loch Ness
http://lochnessmystery.blogspot.com/2017/01/ Lizzie of Loch Lochaidh was first spotted in 1929
http://www.cryptopia.us/site/2011/05/lizzie-scotland/ The term "water horse" was originally a name given to the kelpie, a creature similar to the hippocamp, which has the head, neck and mane of a normal
horse, legs like a horse, webbed feet, and a long, two-lobed, whale-like tail. The term is also used as a nickname for lake monsters, particularly Ogopogo and Nessie. The name "kelpie" has often been a nickname for many other Scottish lake monsters, such as each-uisge and Morag of Loch Morar and Lizzie of Loch Lochy (Loch Lochaidh). Other names for these sea monsters include "seahorse" (not referring to the seahorse fish) and "hippocampus" (which is the genus name for seahorses). The name "water bull" has been used for either creature. (wiki) 300-tonne steel horse 'Kelpies' Falkirk, Scotland
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2599540/ Pictish stones dating from the 6th to 9th centuries featuring what has been dubbed the Pictish Beast may be the earliest representations of a kelpie or kelpie-like creature.
https://www.thevintagenews.com/2016/12/09/ Even now, sightings of Sea Monsters are taken seriously
Water horse sightings were reported regularly during the 18th century, but it was not until the 19th century that sightings were recorded.
Apart from 'Nessie', There's 'Champ', 'Morag', 'Cammie', Ogopogo & more!
There are dozens of reputed lake monsters around the world, but what makes Ogopogo especially interesting is its previous incarnation, according to legend, as a bloodthirsty killer. Ogopogo, some believe, has its roots in native Canadian Indian legends of a beast called N'ha-a-itk (also spelled Naitaka) that would demand a live sacrifice from travelers for safe passage across Lake Okanagan. Hundreds of years ago, whenever Indians would venture into the lake, they brought chickens or other small animals to kill and drop into the water to assure a safe journey.
https://www.livescience.com/42399-ogopogo.html |
'Cammy': Another Lake Monster
https://bruceleeeowe.wordpress.com/2009/10/25/ The Official Loch Ness Monster Sightings Register
Sightings count - 1098 recorded to date http://www.lochnesssightings.com/index.asp |
"Champ," as the creature is affectionately called, has allegedly been seen by hundreds of witnesses over the years. Descriptions of Champ vary, but most suggest a creature between 20 and 80 feet long, with a series of distinct humps and a serpentine body.
https://www.livescience.com/37012 |
Eyewitness Accounts
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/lochness/eyewitness "So what's the verdict?"
*We do know that the famous B&W photo taken in 1934, was a Hoax LOCH NESS MONSTER HOAX- National Geographic
A famous black-and-white photo fueled the search for the Loch Ness Monster ..until the truth came out nearly 60 years later (Short 1:37 clip) Click 'MORE' on right side of clip on website below and turn up the sound https://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/loch *The water is deep, who knows what's down there?
*We know that there are things not visible to the naked eye, like the things you can see when wearing polarized sunglasses
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He's known as Mr Loch Ness
Businessman Willie Cameron, who can be found most nights behind the bar at the Clansman Hotel, is the authority on all things Loch Ness and of course that means he's a Nessie (Loch Ness Monster) expert as well. http://www.stuff.co.nz/travel/international/2996170/ *We know that the research continues
In the 1960's several British universities launched expeditions to Loch Ness, using sonar to search the deep. Nothing conclusive was found, but in each expedition the sonar operators detected large, moving underwater objects they could not explain. In 1975, Boston’s Academy of Applied Science combined sonar and underwater photography in an expedition to Loch Ness. A photo resulted that, after enhancement, appeared to show the giant flipper of a plesiosaur-like creature. Further sonar expeditions in the 1980's and 1990's resulted in more tantalizing, if inconclusive, readings.
https://www.history.com/topics/loch-ness-monster *There was a Loch Ness Monster found, but not alive
LOCH NESS MONSTER FOUND
A 30ft (9m) model of the Loch Ness Monster built in 1969 for a Sherlock Holmes movie has been found almost 50 years after it sank in the loch. The beast was created for the Billy Wilder-directed, The Private Life of Sherlock Holmes, starring Sir Robert Stephens and Sir Christopher Lee. http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-highlands |
"We also know, that there's so much that we don't know!
Loch Ness (Documentary) - Real Stories
45:43 |
National Geographic - Monsters of the Deep
44:58 |
THE SECRETS OF LOCH NESS - documentary
55:21 |
Loch Ness Monster - We've All Heard the Legend, See the Latest Evidence That Will Floor You! 55:34
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THE WATER HORSE Trailer (2008)
2:33 |
Loch Ness (1996) Trailer. (Ted Danson)
2:08 |
Scooby-Doo and the Loch Ness Monster Trailer
0:21 |
Beany & Cecil - Beany Meets the Monstrous Monster
6:12 |
Going back to at least the 1st century every land animal was thought to have an equivalent in the ocean- Sea dogs, Sea lions, Sea pigs etc.
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/ In Medieval and Renaissance times the use of monsters (along with kings, banners, flora etc) on maps was an integral part of the cartographic vocabulary
http://www.cartographicperspectives.org/index.php/ |
To medieval and Renaissance beholders, the sea monsters on European maps represented real dangers, but to modern eyes they are among the more engaging elements of old maps
Rare Americana by Henry Stevens, Son & Stiles 1684
Catalogue of Books & Maps relating to America https://books.google.com.au/books?id=4z Cartographers included as much information on the map as possible, including the dangers that were out there
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Sea phantoms: or, Legends and superstitions of the sea and of sailors in all lands and at all times by Bassett, Fletcher S 1892 https://archive.org |
The Santa Barbara Maritime Museum "Sea Monsters on Medieval and Renaissance Maps" Lecture 1:02:22
https://archive.org/details/ |
The Loch Line of Glasgow
The Loch Line of Glasgow, Scotland, were colonial clippers managed by Messrs William Aitken and James Lilburn, sailing between the United Kingdom and Australia from 1867 to 1911.
The 'Loch Line' originally wanted to be 'The Clan Line', but someone beat them to the name
Australian National Shipwreck Database
http://www.environment.gov.au/heritage/historic Lists of shipwrecks https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_shipwreck SHIPWRECKS of PORT PHILLIP and THE RIP http://oceans1.customer.netspace.net.au/portphil 40,000 shipwrecks waiting to be found off British coast, says Historic England https://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/2016/08/14/ Many Shipping Companies issued their own Newspaper including The Loch Line
Below, The Lighting Gazette
A birth or death, may be mentioned in the Medical or Surgeon's journal for the Ship, or if the Ship had its own Newspaper |
In the late 1860's, Messrs Aitken and Lilburn formed the Glasgow Shipping Company with six 1,200-ton iron sailing clippers. In 1873 a second company, the General Shipping Company, was formed with a different group of investors, but also managed by Aitken and Lilburn. Originally, the Glasgow Shipping Company was intended to serve Adelaide
and Melbourne and the General Shipping Company to serve Sydney, but over time the two companies merged and became officially known as the Loch Line fleet, growing to 25 ships. The Loch Line, named their Clipper Ships, after the Lochs of Scotland
Loch Long - voyage from Glasgow to Melbourne in 1886 (An account of the voyage)
http://www.theshipslist.com/accounts/LochLong SHIPWRECKS ON THE UK - AUSTRALIA RUN
http://oceans1.customer.netspace.net.au/ INTERNATIONAL SHIPWRECKS
http://oceans1.customer.netspace.net.au/ New York Times 1911
https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/ A surprising number of ships that sailed out of Melbourne from the mid 19th century disappeared completely. Apart from severe weather, drunken officers, navigational errors or collusions, fire at sea was the most feared.
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There was no obligation to keep records of births, marriages or deaths at sea before the mid-19th century. Any record made of a birth or death at sea from 1837 onward was sent directly to the General Register Office and recorded in the Marine Register. http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/help |
Marriages At Sea
http://www.theshipslist.com/Forms/marriagesatsea.html Birth, Marriage, Death at Sea by Harry Dodsworth The Board of Trade (BOT) records (Public Record Office groups BT158, BT159, BT160) which cover births, deaths & a few marriages on British reg. ships from 1854 to 1890 are on LDS films http://www.theshipslist.com/Forms/BMD.shtml Unfortunately, these films can no longer be ordered, but should be available to view online, in the near future B. 1870-1882 D. 1869-1883 M. 1865-1907 https://www.familysearch.org/search/film/007908530 B. 1883-1887 D. 1883-1890 Index to B & Ds. pass, 1870-1888 Index to Bs, ship, A-T 1870-1888 https://www.familysearch.org/search/film/008007181 Index to Bs, ship, U-Z 1870-1888 Index to Ds, ship 1870-1888 Index to B & Ds, ship 1889-1890 Index to B. & Ds, passenger 1889-1890 Index to B and Ds, ship, by 1885-1888 date https://www.familysearch.org/search/film/00800718 |
More online Surgeon's Journal 27 March 1799-27 March 1800 'HMS Arab' (PDF, 29.1 mb) Surgeon's Journal 7 Feb 1801-7 Feb 1802 'HMS Princess Royal' (PDF, 69.8 mb) Surgeon's Journal 14 May 1805-14 June 1806 'HMS Arethusa',(PDF, 31.9 mb) Surgeon's Journal 24 June 1817-15 Jan 1818 Convict Ship 'Ocean' (PDF, 27.1 mb) Surgeon's Journal 16 May 1820-10 Nov 1821 Convict Ship 'John Barry' (PDF, 15.9 mb) Surgeon's Journal 19 June-26 Nov 1822 Convict Ship 'Eliza' (PDF, 31.5 mb) Surgeon's Journal 22 April-27 July 1825 'John Barry' emigrants to Quebec (PDF 36.6mb) Surgeon's Journal 4 May-21 July 1825 Convict Ship 'Elizabeth' (PDF, 28.1 mb) Surgeon's Journal 1 Nov 1827-31 March 1828 'HMS Dryad' (PDF, 70.1 mb) Surgeon's Journal 9 May-14 Nov 1828 Convict Ship 'Albion' (PDF, 38.9 mb) Surgeon's Journal 10 June-9 Nov 1829 'HMS Griper' (PDF, 31.4 mb) Surgeon's Journal 17 Oct 1838-21 July 1839 Emigrant ship 'Juliana' (PDF, 28 mb) Surgeon's Journal 21 Feb 1852-19 Aug 1853 'HMS North Star' (PDF, 21.2mb) Surgeon's Journal 1 Jan-31 Dec 1875 Sloop 'Dido' on Australian Station (PDF, 29.3 mb) |
In June 2008, The National Archives was successful in its bid for a grant under the Wellcome Trust’s Research Resources in Medical History, to catalogue the journals. Over a thousand journals are now available for researchers.
Royal Navy Medical Officers' journals
Journals and diaries compiled by Royal Navy surgeons and assistant surgeons who served on HM ships, hospitals, naval brigades, shore parties and on emigrant and convict ships in the period 1793 to 1880. Medical officers serving in the Royal Navy were required to submit detailed records of the health, treatment and survival rates of their charges. This has provided us with journals which exhibit a completeness, consistency and coherence unlikely to exist elsewhere for this period. The records can now be searched (type 'Medical journal' or 'Surgical', before the name) |
Clipper Ships
A Clipper ship, is a classic sailing ship of the 19th century, renowned for its beauty, grace, and speed. (Britannica)
The first vessels to which the term “clipper” was applied were the Baltimore Clippers. They were named as such as they were intended to clip over the waves, rather than simply push through. https://www.starclippers.co.uk/what-defines |
To sailors, three things made a ship a clipper. She must be sharp-lined, built for speed. She must be tall-sparred and carry the utmost spread of canvas. And she must use that sail, day and night, fair weather and foul. (wiki)
Notable examples of clipper ships
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_clipper_ships |
A clipper ship is a synonym for the merchant ship. In the 1840's, a new kind of merchant navy vessel was created by American ship builders to facilitate faster transport of cargo through the oceanic waters. These ships were later incorporated by the English ship builders as well and the clipper ship started getting famous almost across the world. In its own way, thanks to its speed and swiftness while carrying cargo to its intended destination, the clipper ship revolutionized water transport. A clipper ship offered its captain and crew a sailing speed of over 250 miles in a day while the other routine ships travelled at an average speed of 150 miles per day. https://www.marineinsight.com/maritime-history/what-is-a-clipper-ship-2/ |
A brigantine was a two-masted sailing vessel with a fully square rigged foremast and at least two sails on the main mast: a square topsail and a gaff sail mainsail (behind the mast). The main mast is the second and taller of the two masts.(wiki)
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A schooner is a type of sailing vessel with fore-and-aft sails on two or more masts. (wiki)
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The Colonial Clippers By Basil Lubbock 1911
https://archive.org/stream/colonialclippers00lubbrich |
Baltimore Clipper is the colloquial name for fast sailing ships built on the mid-Atlantic seaboard of the United States of America, especially at the port of Baltimore, Maryland. The name is most commonly applied to two-masted schooners and brigantines. These vessels may also be referred to as Baltimore Flyers (wiki)
most notably Johns Hopkins Hospital, and Johns Hopkins University (including its academic divisions such as Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Carey Business School, and Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. (wiki)
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Cutty Sark is a British clipper ship. Built on the River Clyde in 1869 for the Jock Willis Shipping Line, she was one of the last tea clippers to be built and one of the fastest, (wiki)
Founded in 1729, Baltimore is the second-largest seaport in the Mid-Atlantic. The city's Inner Harbor was once the second leading port of entry for immigrants to the United States and a major manufacturing center. After a decline in major manufacturing, industrialization, and rail transportation, Baltimore shifted to a service-oriented economy, with Johns Hopkins Hospital (founded 1889) and Johns Hopkins University (founded 1876), now the city's top two employers
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltimore Baltimore County, Maryland Genealogy
https://www.familysearch.org/wiki/en/Baltimore Genealogy and biography of leading families of Baltimore city & Baltimore County, Maryland https://archive.org/stream/genealogybiograp00 The Maryland genealogical bulletin 1930 https://archive.org/stream/marylandgenealog The British invasion of Maryland, 1812-1815 https://archive.org/stream/britishinvasiono00 |
A Frigate is a War Ship
A sloop is a sailing boat with a single mast and a fore-and-aft rig, with only one head-sail. If it has two or more headsails, then it's called a 'Cutter'
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sloop
The difference between a Ship and a boat, is mainly size. “A ship can carry a boat, but a boat can't carry a ship.”
A Schooner, is a sailing ship rigged with fore-and-aft sails on its two or more masts. To the foremast there may also be rigged one or more square topsails. (Britannica)
A Barque, is a type of sailing vessel with three or more masts having the fore- and mainmasts rigged square and only the mizzen (the aftmost mast) rigged fore-and-aft.
A look at the different types of Tall Sailing Ships
https://www.starclippers.co.uk/the-different-types |
The classic sailing frigates, were square-rigged and carried all their main guns on a single continuous upper deck. The lower deck, known as the "gun deck", carried no armament, and functioned as a "berth deck" where the crew lived
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frigate Ship Model, Schooner Fredonia
http://americanhistory.si.edu/onthewater/ A barquentine or schooner barque is a sailing vessel
with 3 or more masts; with a square rigged foremast & fore-and-aft rigged main mizzen and any other masts. |
High-landers displaced by the
Highland Clearances. List of maritime disasters in the 18th century
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_maritime_disast List of maritime disasters in the 19th century https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_maritime_disast Sickness and Death on Male and Female Convict Voyages to Australia https://www.femaleconvicts.org.au/docs/seminars/ In 1863, during a scarlet fever epidemic on board the John Duncan, Elizabeth P. Yeoman reported, "Another beautiful little boy died at 4 this morning, & was buried at 2 this afternoon he was 3 years of age; this makes the 6th we have lost since we started. God grant that it may be the last, not 4 hours since the last funeral"
Disease on board 19th-century passenger ships https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/topic/1398 All ships coming from infected or suspected ports, as well as ships which come from uninfected ports, but which during the voyage have touched at an infected place, or held communication with an infected ship, or on which, during the voyage, cases of illness or death suspected to be from cholera have occurred, shall, on arrival, be
subjected as soon as possible to a strict medical examination as to the state of health of their crew and passengers. The captain, ship's officers, and medical officer .....shall be bound to report to the examining physician any suspicious symptoms of illness on board which may have come to their knowledge. The bodies of those who have died of cholera, as well as all cholera-patients found in a ship newly arrived, are to be taken on shore; the former must be immediately buried, the latter placed in a hospital always kept in readiness for their reception, or, when there is not one, in some house or barrack or isolated place, or in as isolated place as possible in the country. If any suspected cases of cholera or deaths have occurred during the voyage, or if suspected or decided cases of cholera, or bodies whose death is traceable with ....cholera, be found on board a ship on its arrival in port, the crew and passengers, after the removal of the sick and dead, shall undergo a process of cleansing and disinfection under the supervision of the board. ‘ At the same time, all the clothes worn by healthy individuals, or used by them during the voyage, as well as all their other effects, are to undergo a thorough disinfection in a room arranged for the purpose, under the strict control of the board. After disinfection.....the effects will be given back to their possessors, who in the meantime will have taken a cleansing bath, and they will then be perfectly free.. After the removal of all persons, except those absolutely necessary....The goods landed from the disinfected ship, even the rags and objects used by the cholera patients, after being properly disinfected, are to be considered innocuous. The London Medical Record: A Review of the Progress of Medicine ..., Volume 2 Report International Sanitary conference Vienna 1874 https://books.google.com.au/books?id=xxVj |
'Coffin ships' is a term used for those that set sail during the Irish Famine of the 1840's,.These ships were often un-seaworthy and overcrowded, nearly always with inadequate provisions of drinking water, food and sanitation
https://www.irish-genealogy-toolkit.com/coffin Coffin Ships
http://www.historyplace.com/worldhistory/famine/ Diseases and Conditions Aboard Coffin Ships http://scalar.usc.edu/works/star-of-the-sea Dysentery, ophthalmia, catarrh, obstipatio, erysipelas, consumption and fevers dominate emigrant and convict surgeons' journals
https://academic.oup.com/shm/article/24/3/624/ In plain English, they suffered-
The Trots, Blood shot eyes, Stuffy noses, Constipation, Skin rashes, Infectious nodules (TB) in the lungs, Chills and Hot sweats, among other things. These complaints along with contaminated water, improper diet & incorrect medical attention, would be fatal to some. Ships coming from infected ports which have touched at a port en route, and have left it without undergoing quarantine, will be treated as ships coming from an infected harbour.
When there was a threat of Cholera on board, after the ship arrived at the port, everything was disinfected. All the clothes worn by healthy individuals, or used by them during the voyage, as well as all their other effects, are to undergo a thorough disinfection in a room arranged for the purpose Acts and Ordinances in Force in Victoria, Vol 2 1856
RECORDS RELATING TO FREE IMMIGRATION- REGISTER OF THE HIRING AND DISPOSALOF IMMIGRANTS
https://stors.tas.gov.au/store/exlibris1/storage/ |
The depiction above, shows Francis Drake's body being lowered into the sea, but he is actually said to be buried at sea in a sealed
lead-lined coffin |
Sir Francis Drake, the Elizabethan sailor and navigator died at sea in 1596 and his body, clad in a full suit of armour and in a lead coffin, is thought to be off the coast of Panama.
Other full body burials at sea include- John Carradine (actor), Denis Wilson (co founder of Beach Boys) Many have had their ashes scattered over the Ocean, including- H.G. Wells (author), Janis Joplin (singer), Richard Rogers (American composer), Alfred Hitchcock (film director), Steve McQueen (actor), Peter Lawford (actor), Rock Hudson (actor), Vincent Price (actor), Stan Getz (saxophonist), Gene Kelly (dancer,actor), Robert Mitchum (actor), J.F.K jr (son of President John F. Kennedy), Neil Armstrong (astronaut), Dick Clark (radio & T.V. personality) Robin Williams(actor) |
Whaling vessel, out of New Bedford, Massachusetts, mastered by Isaac H Jenney, on voyage Novemebr 13, 1851 – July 20, 1854.
https://www.whalingmuseum.org/explore/library/logbooks CLIP - the Crew List Index Project http://www.crewlist.org.uk/ Miramar Ship Index https://www.miramarshipindex.nz/ The logbook of the captain's clerk : adventures in the China seas by Sewall, John S. (John Smith) 1905 https://archive.org/stream/logbookcaptains01sewagoog The log of an ancient mariner : being the life and adventures of Captain Edgar Wakeman by Wakeman, Edgar, 1813-1875; Wakeman-Curtis, Minnie L (1878) https://archive.org/stream/logofancientmari00wakeiala New Bedford Whaling Museum https://archive.org/details/newbedfordwhalingmuseum Important maritime collection, ship models, paintings, prints, whaling logs & other manuscripts, naval books, maps, etc., ship porcelains of the eighteenth century of Lowestoft, Wedgwood, Liverpool & Sunderland lustre ware, including the collection of James E. Bayles and Fred J. Peters and a selection of the ship porcelains from the Trumbull-Prince collection Princeton University by American Art Association; 1926 https://archive.org/stream/importantmaritim00amer Encyclopaedia of Ships and Shipping by Herbert B. Mason 1908 https://archive.org/stream/encyclopaediash01masogoog The Beach Boys - Sloop John B
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Captain Tiptop; a story from the log-book of the sloop-yacht Tycoon by Janette, Fred E. Pub.1905
https://archive.org/stream/captaintiptopsto00jane#page/ The voyage of the Discovery by Scott, Robert Falcon, 1868-1912 Publication 1907 https://archive.org/stream/voyageofdiscover01scot#page The voyage of Captain Don Felipe González in the ship of the line San Lorenzo, with the frigate Santa Rosalia in company, to Easter Island in 1770-1. Preceded by an extract from Mynheer Jacob Roggeveen's official log of his discovery of and visit to Easter Island in 1722 https://archive.org/stream/voyagecaptaindo00unkngoog The three voyages of Captain James Cook round the world by Cook, James, Hawkesworth, John; Banks, Joseph, Sir; Clerke, Charles; Gore, John, Pub. 1821 https://archive.org/stream/threevoyagesofca01cook The voyage of Captain John Saris to Japan, 1613 https://archive.org/stream/captainjvoyageof00saririch Logbook of the James Arnold (Ship) of New Bedford, mastered by John S. Reynolds, on voyage from 21 Jan. 1892-6 Oct. 1894 by James Arnold (Ship) https://archive.org/stream/logbookofjamesar00jame A Register of Ships, Employed in the Service of the Honorable the United East India Co. 1760-1819 By Charles Hardy 1820 https://books.google.com.au/books Ships - Fleets and Descriptions, Passenger Lists, Resources &c. &c. http://www.theshipslist.com/ Accounts of Voyages, Diary & Journal Extracts &c.
http://www.theshipslist.com/accounts/index.shtml Navigation and Logbooks in the Age of Sail https://www.usna.edu/Users/oceano/pguth/website/ Trade ship's logbook - The British Library https://www.bl.uk/learning/timeline/item105531.html Logbooks and Journals https://www.whalingmuseum.org/explore/library/log |
Inside a Bottle
Messages in bottles have been used to send distress messages; memorial tributes; to send deceased loved ones' ashes on a final journey; to convey expedition reports, and to carry letters or reports from those believing themselves to be doomed.(wiki)
Queen Elizabeth 1 & the “Official Uncorker of
Ocean Bottles” This legend says that around 1560 (or 1598, depending on the source), an illiterate fisherman scooped up a message in a bottle on English shores. He opened it, but, being illiterate, couldn’t read it. So he took it to a local official, who in turn took it (and the fisherman) to higher powers. Eventually, word of this bottled note reached Queen Elizabeth because it contained sensitive military information sent ashore by England’s Navy (or possibly by English spies “on the continent”). Elizabeth, in order to deter any others from opening messages in bottles and stumbling into secret information, appointed an “Official Uncorker of Ocean Bottles”. She also made it a capital offense for anyone else to open messages in bottles, punishable by beheading or hanging. https://messageinabottlehunter.com/message The Life-and-Death History of the
Message in a Bottle 100-year-old messages from the sea reveal clues to the fate of missing vessels, and poignant farewells from stricken sailors. https://medium.com/@paulbrownUK/ Quite often, Newspapers would include any messages found in bottles, with names and/or ships included. The following, are such entries that appeared in TROVE from 1866-1973, which are entitled "Messages from the Sea"
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Bottled messages may date to about 310 B.C., in water current studies carried out by Greek philosopher
Theophrastus. The Japanese medieval epic The Tale of the Heike records the story of an exiled poet who, in about 1177 A.D., launched wooden planks on which he had inscribed poems describing his plight In the sixteenth century, Bottled Messages may date back
to 310 B.C. Queen Elizabeth I created an official position of "Uncorker of Ocean Bottles", thinking some bottles might contain secrets from British spies or fleets—decreed that anyone else opening the bottles could
face the death penalty. The Uncorker of Ocean Bottles and Titanic hoaxes: Here's the bizarre history of messages in bottles
http://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-03-08/the-bizarre-history In the nineteenth century, literary works such as Edgar Allan Poe’s 1833 “MS. Found in a Bottle” and Charles Dickens' 1860 "A Message from the Sea" inspired an enduring popular passion for sending bottled messages.
1860. A message from the sea, by C. Dickens (and others)
https://books.google.com.au/books?id=WcQ-AAAA The Works of the Late Edgar Allan Poe:
Tales By Edgar Allan Poe 1857 Page 150, MS Found in a Bottle https://books.google.com.au/books?id=MswR Messages in Bottles held distress calls from sinking ships, messages from soldiers at sea, they even studied Ocean currents with them
131-Year-Old Message in a Bottle Found
on Australian Beach. Oldest yet found, thrown into the Indian Ocean by German sailors conducting an experiment https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart Bottled messages reveal ocean currents
http://www.australiangeographic.com.au/news/ |
Benjamin Franklin ~ The Gulf Stream
& Ocean Currents 14:49 Experiments conducted in the mid-1700's by Benjamin Franklin and others indicated the existence and approximate location of the Gulf Stream, with scientific confirmation following in the mid-1800's. Using a network of beachcomber informants, rear admiral Alexander Becher is believed to be the first (from 1808-1852) to study travel of so-called "bottle papers" around an ocean gyre (a large circulating current system) In the late 1800's, Albert I, Prince of Monaco determined that the Gulf Stream branched into the North Atlantic Drift and the Azores Current. In the 1890's, Scottish scientist T. Wemyss Fulton released floating bottles and wooden slips to chart North Sea surface currents for the first time. Releasing bottles designed to remain a short distance above the sea bed, British marine biologist George Parker Bidder III first proved in the early twentieth century that deep sea currents flowed from east to west in the North Sea and that bottom feeders prefer to move against the current. (wiki)
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Century-Old Message in a Bottle Returned to Sender
A nearly 109-year-old bottle was part of a tradition of dropping objects and instruments into the sea to study ocean currents. The bottle and its message were part of an experiment conducted between 1904 and 1906 by scientist and former MBA president Bidder. He dropped 1,020 weighted bottles into the southern North Sea (map) in an attempt to figure out the movement of the area's bottom currents. news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/0 |
Floating wood-and-metal "drift casks" launched from northern Alaska in 1899-1901 reached Siberia, Iceland and Norway, becoming the first human-made objects to transit the Northwest Passage
The U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey (C&GS) used drift bottles from
1846 to 1966 Ship's Sailing Routes from-
British Logbooks in UK Archives, 17th–19th Centuries – a survey of the range, selection and suitability of British logbooks and related documents for climatic research By C. Wilkinson http://www.cru.uea.ac.uk/documents/421974/1301877 The Hermitage affords an asylum not only to the productions of genius and art, but also to the works of ingenuity.
It contains a great number of the latter, at the composition of which the Russians are extremely clever. No nation has such a talent for making pretty ornamental things of scraps of paper, straws, and other trumpery. Thus, here is to be seen, among other things, a ship with sails, masts, and rigging complete, put together in the inside of a glass bottle,with amber, ivory, and splinters of wood. Every individual portion of the vessel must have been introduced with inexpressible pains through the narrow neck of the bottle, and then fixed in its place at the bottom with a dexterity that is incomprehensible. It was as though the builder had transformed himself into a spider, for all the parts were as delicate as the web of that insect. Russia and the Russians Vol. 1 1842 https://books.google.com.au/books?id=43vVA |
This late-1700's ocean circulation map was based on the work of Benjamin Franklin and James Poupard after conducting drift bottle experiments (wiki)
Not only messages came inside of Bottles, Tiny ships did as well. To build one, the hardest part of the job now, would be finding
a glass bottle BUILDING A SHIP IN A BOTTLE
https://www.instructables.com/id/Building-A-Ship-In The nautical gift of a Ship in a bottle was in vogue during the late 18th and the early and mid-19th century in Europe
and in the Americas. https://www.marineinsight.com/recreation/everythin |
Ocean Trivia
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Sayings from the Sea
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*The Loblolly Boy was an assistant to the
ship's surgeon *A Lascar was a sailor or militiaman from South Asia, India, Arab world, and other places situated the east of the Cape of Good Hope, who were employed on European ships from the 16th century until the middle of the 20th century *When Sailors died at sea they would be thrown overboard wrapped in their hammocks with weights attached. The hammock was sewn up with the last stitch going through the sailor’s nose, to make sure he was dead. *Sailors wore Gold Earrings so that if they drowned at sea & the body washed ashore, the Gold earring would pay for a proper Christian burial. *Another word for 'Shipwright' or Ship's carpenter, is Naupegus *Victorian Houses had 'widow's walks' on their roofs where the ship captain's wife would be able to view incoming ships to the harbour. If the ship was well overdue, the wife would assume that she may now be a widow. *The Nautical Mile (1.852 kilometers, approx. 1.151 mph) was introduced in the 15th century, as Sailors needed a standard to measure speed, so 'the chip log', the world’s first maritime speedometer, was created. Using materials on hand, a wedge-shaped piece of wood, a small glass timer, and a very long rope was used. Based on the length of the nautical mile, knots were tied along the log line at intervals of 14.4 meters. One end was secured to the ship’s stern and the other was attached to the wooden board, then dropped into the water. One sailor watched the sand empty through the 30-second glass, another, held the line and counted the knots as they passed between his fingers. By dividing 14.4 meters by 30 seconds, meant that one knot equaled 1.85166 kilometers per hour, or one nautical mile. Calculation this way with the number of knots that unraveled, the sailors measured the ship’s speed. *Grog, is a sailor's drink, named after British Admiral Edward Vernon, early 1700's. Vernon earned his nickname from the material 'Grogram', used to make his cloaks. British naval regulations promised everybsailor a daily ration of beer, so when Vernon's fleet ran out once while in the Caribbean, he gave his crew Jamaican rum, which is stronger than beer & they became 'Groggy'. Admiral Vernon or 'Old Grog' as he was known, ordered the rum to be diluted with water. This weaker mixture, became known as 'grog', and became the standard throughout the Royal Navy. Log books ClimateClimatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750-1850
http://webs.ucm.es/info/cliwoc/logbooks.htm These bottles on the shore in India, hold a vastly different message.
No matter what these bottles are made of people are still going to throw rubbish, some people just don't care what they leave behind. What's the answer? Maybe- More Bins, Beach patrolling, or better education on how to properly dispose of trash? Who knows?, it's a big problem! |
All Hell to Pay
Serious ramification will occur, from a situation. With sailing ships "hell" was what the bottom of the boat was called, as it was hot damp & smelly, also the seems between the timbers were called Devil's seems. To 'Pay', was mopping tar, to keep the ship sea-worthy, as if the seems opened up, water would start to pour in. This was not a sailor's favourite job. Between the Devil & the Deep Blue Sea This term means that if you have two choices to make, or two ways of doing something, either way, the outcome will not be good. The 'Devil', is a seam in a sailing ship, which is close to the water level. Wikipedia says- When at sea and the devil had to be caulked, the sailor sat in a bosun's chair to do so. He was suspended between the devil and the sea, a very precarious position, especially when the ship was underway. If sailors fell from a foot rope under a yard-arm, they would either land on the deck (within the devil plank) or in the water (outside of the devil plank). Either option is likely to be fatal. Cut and Run To make a quick get away, to make a run for it. Anchor cables on ships, used to be made of hemp, not chain, so if the ship had to avoid a situation or the enemy, they would just cut the cable and run with the wind to get away quickly. Keep at Bay To keep someone or something at a safe distance, in check, or under control. The exact origin is unknown, but if any disease were aboard any ship, they would be required to sit at anchor for a length of time before landing ashore. This would suggest that the ship was kept at a safe distance, or 'at bay', until there was no danger. Left High and Dry To be stranded, left alone without support. This refers to a ship that is grounded on the shore after the tide goes out. Show Your True Colours To show your true self, as in behaviour and attitude, generally used in a negative way, in other words, now we know what he's really like. A pirate ship could get closer to it's prey, by sailing under a different coloured flag, then when they were ready to pounce, they would unveil their real flag of the skull and cross bones, or show their true colours. Under The Weather In Low spirits or unwell. Can also refer to the affects of a hangover. Originally- 'Under the weather bow' (bow of ship). -Weather-Bow. The Bow against which the wind blows (the bad weather side) To the Bitter End To not quit something until it's finished or over, no matter how hard or unpleasant it is, or how long it takes. Bitter meant the end of a cable or rope that remained fixed on board ship when it was being paid out through the bitts. Admiral William Smyth explained in 'The Sailor’s Word-book' 1867 that “When a chain or rope is paid out to the bitter-end, no more remains to be let go.” The Police - Message In A Bottle
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