*Please note- This site search does not include the Vic. & Tas. BMD's, Lots o' Links & Worth a Look Books
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JOHANNES GUTENBERG
PRINTING PRESS
1398-1468
Henne Gänsfleisch zur Laden, commonly known as Johannes Gutenberg was born in Mainz, Germany
c.1398. He was the son of Friele (Friedrich) Gänsfleisch a goldsmith and Else Wyricha (married in 1386) daughter of Werner Wyrich zum steinern Krame, a burgher of Mainz. Johannes last name was derived from the house inhabited by his father & his paternal ancestors "zu Laden, zu Gutenberg".
The House of Gänsfleisch was one of the patrician families of the town, tracing its lineage back to the 13th century. From the middle of the 14th century there were 2 branches, the line to which Johannes belongs and the line of Sorgenloch. In the 14th & 15th centuries it's scions claimed an hereditary position as so-called Hausgenossen, or retainers of the household of the master of the archiepiscopal mint. This is where the family would have gained considerable knowledge & technical skill in metal working. They supplied the mint with the metal to be coined, changed the various species of coins & had a seat at the assizes in forgery cases.
Gutenberg's father died in 1419 & his mother in 1433, he was the youngest of 3 children- Friele & Else his older siblings. Gutenberg's father was a good family man & Johannes was taught to read at an early age from manuscripts written by hand. Not a lot is known about his childhood, except that the family moved from Mainz in 1430 to Strasburg, presumably for political reasons where the family most likely had connections. In 1434, his father took a place befitting his rank in the patrician class of the city, but he also at the same time joined the goldsmiths' guild. He taught gem-polishing & was the manufacture of looking-glasses & printing, so Johannes had a wealth of knowledge at his fingertips.
Johannes worked as a blacksmith, goldsmith, engraver, printer & publisher & introduced printing to Europe. He invented mechanical movable type printing which started a Printing Revolution. His invention made it possible to mass-produce books with his combination of movable type, oil-based ink & a wooden printing
press. This method allowed printing to be economically viable. Gutenberg's method for making type is traditionally considered to have included a type metal alloy and a hand mould for casting type. He began building his press in 1436
In Renaissance Europe the use of movable type was a marked improvement on the handwritten manuscript which was the existing method of book production in Europe at the time. Previously, scholars would travel miles to visit a library stocked with handwritten volumes. Gutenberg's method introduced an era of mass communication which permanently altered the structure of society. The circulation of information & revolutionary ideas, transcended borders & threatened the power of political & religious leaders. The sharp increase in literacy broke the monopoly of the literate elite, bolstering the emerging middle class.
Gutenberg's printing technology spread rapidly throughout Europe and later the world. It's thought that the first printed item from the press was a German poem. Other prints were Latin Grammars and indulgences for the Catholic Church. His major work was the Gutenberg Bible and has been acclaimed for its high aesthetic & technical quality. Bibles were rare and could take up to a year for a priest to transcribe, so this was the first time a Bible was mass produced & available for anyone outside of the church. Gutenberg printed around 200 of these in a relatively short time.
In 1462 Gutenberg was exiled from Mainz, but later in 1465 he was given a title & a yearly salary as a reward for his invention.
History records that Gutenberg's declining years were spent in the court of Archbishop Adolf of Nassau, to whose suite he was appointed on January 18, 1465. The distinction thus conferred on him carried with it allowances of clothing & other necessities which saved him from actual want.
During his life, Gutenberg never profited from his invention & died in poverty. He died at 70 years of age on February 3, 1468 & was buried in a Franciscan church cemetery, which was demolished & replaced with another church, which was also later demolished.
While Gutenberg sadly went without reward for producing his revolutionary printing method, he is honoured today by having his name head the largest digitisation effort of the written word, in 'Project Gutenberg'.
Reference
http://inventors.about.com/od/gstartinventors/a/Gutenberg.htm
http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventors/gutenberg.htm
c.1398. He was the son of Friele (Friedrich) Gänsfleisch a goldsmith and Else Wyricha (married in 1386) daughter of Werner Wyrich zum steinern Krame, a burgher of Mainz. Johannes last name was derived from the house inhabited by his father & his paternal ancestors "zu Laden, zu Gutenberg".
The House of Gänsfleisch was one of the patrician families of the town, tracing its lineage back to the 13th century. From the middle of the 14th century there were 2 branches, the line to which Johannes belongs and the line of Sorgenloch. In the 14th & 15th centuries it's scions claimed an hereditary position as so-called Hausgenossen, or retainers of the household of the master of the archiepiscopal mint. This is where the family would have gained considerable knowledge & technical skill in metal working. They supplied the mint with the metal to be coined, changed the various species of coins & had a seat at the assizes in forgery cases.
Gutenberg's father died in 1419 & his mother in 1433, he was the youngest of 3 children- Friele & Else his older siblings. Gutenberg's father was a good family man & Johannes was taught to read at an early age from manuscripts written by hand. Not a lot is known about his childhood, except that the family moved from Mainz in 1430 to Strasburg, presumably for political reasons where the family most likely had connections. In 1434, his father took a place befitting his rank in the patrician class of the city, but he also at the same time joined the goldsmiths' guild. He taught gem-polishing & was the manufacture of looking-glasses & printing, so Johannes had a wealth of knowledge at his fingertips.
Johannes worked as a blacksmith, goldsmith, engraver, printer & publisher & introduced printing to Europe. He invented mechanical movable type printing which started a Printing Revolution. His invention made it possible to mass-produce books with his combination of movable type, oil-based ink & a wooden printing
press. This method allowed printing to be economically viable. Gutenberg's method for making type is traditionally considered to have included a type metal alloy and a hand mould for casting type. He began building his press in 1436
In Renaissance Europe the use of movable type was a marked improvement on the handwritten manuscript which was the existing method of book production in Europe at the time. Previously, scholars would travel miles to visit a library stocked with handwritten volumes. Gutenberg's method introduced an era of mass communication which permanently altered the structure of society. The circulation of information & revolutionary ideas, transcended borders & threatened the power of political & religious leaders. The sharp increase in literacy broke the monopoly of the literate elite, bolstering the emerging middle class.
Gutenberg's printing technology spread rapidly throughout Europe and later the world. It's thought that the first printed item from the press was a German poem. Other prints were Latin Grammars and indulgences for the Catholic Church. His major work was the Gutenberg Bible and has been acclaimed for its high aesthetic & technical quality. Bibles were rare and could take up to a year for a priest to transcribe, so this was the first time a Bible was mass produced & available for anyone outside of the church. Gutenberg printed around 200 of these in a relatively short time.
In 1462 Gutenberg was exiled from Mainz, but later in 1465 he was given a title & a yearly salary as a reward for his invention.
History records that Gutenberg's declining years were spent in the court of Archbishop Adolf of Nassau, to whose suite he was appointed on January 18, 1465. The distinction thus conferred on him carried with it allowances of clothing & other necessities which saved him from actual want.
During his life, Gutenberg never profited from his invention & died in poverty. He died at 70 years of age on February 3, 1468 & was buried in a Franciscan church cemetery, which was demolished & replaced with another church, which was also later demolished.
While Gutenberg sadly went without reward for producing his revolutionary printing method, he is honoured today by having his name head the largest digitisation effort of the written word, in 'Project Gutenberg'.
Reference
http://inventors.about.com/od/gstartinventors/a/Gutenberg.htm
http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventors/gutenberg.htm
1. Gutenberg Reproduction
2. Gutenberg Museum
3. The Printing Press
4. Styles of Printing
5. Old Jobs in the Industry
6. Books & Binding
7. Libraries
8. Project Gutenberg
9. Early Printers
10. Printer's Marks
11. Wayzgoose
12. Newspapers
2. Gutenberg Museum
3. The Printing Press
4. Styles of Printing
5. Old Jobs in the Industry
6. Books & Binding
7. Libraries
8. Project Gutenberg
9. Early Printers
10. Printer's Marks
11. Wayzgoose
12. Newspapers
Gutenberg Reproduction
Circa 1450, Gutenberg set up his press in Mainz (where he was born) on which he probably started printing the large Latin Bible associated with his name, as well as some smaller books and leaflets. The Bible, known as the Gutenberg Bible, Mazarin Bible, or 42-Line Bible, was completed by approx. 1456. Gutenberg was later forced to give up his press and types to pay off a debt. The press pictured is in fact an interpretation of Gutenberg’s printing press; no one knows exactly what the original looked like since Gutenberg took great pains to keep his revolutionary new press a secret. The Gutenberg pictured is a full-sized, working press built by Steve Pratt of Pratt Wagon and Press Works.
https://letterpresscommons.com/press/gutenberg-reproduction/
https://letterpresscommons.com/press/gutenberg-reproduction/
The Gutenberg Museum
Gutenberg-Museum
http://www.gutenb |
The Printing Press
The Scottish Printing Archival Trust (SPRAT)
Was formed in 1988 to conserve knowledge and examples of Scotland’s printing heritage for the benefit of the public and print/media education. It does not hold any archival collections itself, but works with various institutions to ensure that printing archives are not lost. http://scottishprintarchive.org/ |
Golding Jobber
BRIAR PRESS MUSEUM GALLERY
http://www.briarpress.org/museum/browse |
Golding Proof Press
Copy Press
Automatic Card
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1810- Friedrich Gottlob Koenig built the first printing press in the form of the "high-speed printing machine" (Schnellpresse)
The 'Heidelberg' A miller's son by the name of Andreas Hamm, in March 1850 then 26, took over the ownership of the Frankenthal bell foundry and machine factory "Hemmer, Hamm & Compagnie" from his older brother, Georg and two years later formed his own company. In 1856, Andreas Hamm met Andreas Albert, Albert having completed his apprenticeship in the factory of Koenig and Bauer in Oberzell on the Main river, where he had become well-acquainted with printing presses. |
Albert & Hamm joined forces to produce Bells, metal castings and high-speed presses. Within two years they had already manufactured 14 such presses. The Frankenthaler Zeitung, a German newspaper, reported in 1864: "In a remarkably short time, this business has established a reputation for itself extending far beyond Germany. The company will soon be dispatching presses to customers as far away as Odessa and Kherson".
In 1873, the two partners went their separate ways, and soon afterwards were fiercely competing against each other to see who could build the better press. In October 1875, Andreas Hamm came up with a "high-speed cylinder letterpress" for 2,400 marks, sold as far off as Egypt. Andreas Hamm's died in 1894 and a year later, his son Carl Hamm sold the company. Shortly thereafter, it moved from Frankenthal to Heidelberg and in 1905, was renamed "Schnellpressenfabrik AG Heidelberg".
An automatic platen press able to print 1,000 sheets per hour, began after the end of WWI and was an overnight success. The new Management Board member, Hubert H.A. Sternberg, put his heart and soul into marketing the new product. He came up with the idea of mounting it onto a car, transporting it for live demonstrations. Sternberg allowed purchasers to pay by installments. It was he who lent the machine its name "Original Heidelberger Tiegel", thus giving it a touch of German romanticism.
http://www.apoloinformatica.com.br/imagens/parceiros/Heidelberger%20Druckmaschinen%20AG_arquivos
http://www.apoloinformatica.com.br/imagens/parceiros/Heidelberger%20Druckmaschinen%20AG_arquivos
Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG (English: Heidelberg Printing Machines AG) is a German precision mechanical engineering company with head offices in Heidelberg (Baden-Württemberg). It is a manufacturer of offset printing presses sold globally. The company has a worldwide market share of more than 47% in this area and is the largest global manufacturer of printing presses. Sheet-fed offset printing is used predominantly for high-quality, multi-colour products, such as catalogues, calendars, posters, and labels. Heidelberg produces equipment for prepress, press and postpress, and is the only company in the world that does so. (wiki)
Like much of the printing industry, Heidelberg has suffered and its employees have been subject to layoffs
and pay cuts in past years
and pay cuts in past years
Styles Of Printing
Lithography (Litho in Ancient Greek meaning "stone") is a method of printing originally using oil and water. The printing from a lithographic limestone or metal plate with a smooth surface. Invented in 1796 by German author and actor Alois Senefelder as a cheap method of publishing theatrical works. Lithography can be used to print text or artwork onto paper or other suitable material. (wiki) |
Lithography originally used an image drawn with oil, fat, or wax onto the surface of a smooth, level
lithographic limestone plate. The stone was treated with a mixture of acid and gum arabic, etching the portions of the stone that were not protected by the grease-based image. When the stone was moistened, the etched areas retained water; an oil-based ink could then be applied, sticking only to the original drawing. The ink would finally be transferred to a blank paper sheet, producing a printed page. This traditional technique is still used in some fine art printmaking applications. (wiki)
lithographic limestone plate. The stone was treated with a mixture of acid and gum arabic, etching the portions of the stone that were not protected by the grease-based image. When the stone was moistened, the etched areas retained water; an oil-based ink could then be applied, sticking only to the original drawing. The ink would finally be transferred to a blank paper sheet, producing a printed page. This traditional technique is still used in some fine art printmaking applications. (wiki)
In modern lithography, the image is made of a polymer coating applied to a flexible aluminium plate. The image can be printed directly from the plate (the orientation of the image is reversed), or it can be offset, by transferring the image onto a flexible sheet (rubber) for printing and publication. (wiki) |
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Stone Lithography at Edinburgh Printmakers
6:35 |
Modern Litho Printing Press
1:19 |
1041 AD- movable clay type printing
was first invented in China
was first invented in China
The Printing Process - Sheet Offset Press
7:56 |
Offset printing Is a commonly used printing technique in which the inked image is transferred (or “offset”) from a plate to a rubber blanket, then to the printing surface. A Short History of Offset Printing
http://offsetpressman.blogspot.com.au/2011/09/ |
Screen printing
is a printing technique whereby a mesh is used to transfer ink onto a substrate, except in areas made impermeable to the ink by a blocking stencil. Site includes video demonstration
http://www.garmentprinting.co.uk/ |
Letterpress is the oldest method of printing
Letterpress printing is a technique of relief printing using a printing press, a process by which many copies are produced by repeated direct impression of an inked, raised surface against sheets or a continuous roll of paper.
It is the most beautiful and romantic style of printing and is often still used for wedding invitations and business cards. The amount of setup required to prepare the equipment to print a job is significant. The image must be metal cast prior to print. Time consuming adjustments must be made throughout the press run to make sure the impression pressure is just right.
Letterpress printing uses type that is raised above (relief) the non-printing areas. In traditional letterpress work, letters were assembled into copy, explanatory cuts were placed nearby, line drawings were etched or engraved into plates, and all these were placed (composed) on a flat marble stone, within a rigid frame (chase) spaced artistically with blocks (furniture) tightened up (locked-up) with toothed angular blocks (quoins).
http://www.pneac.org/printprocesses/letterpress/ |
With Letterpress printing
you can see and feel the imprint on the the paper or card.
you can see and feel the imprint on the the paper or card.
Traditionally, letterpress printing involved arranging individual blocks of 'moveable type' into a caddy or chase, forming words from the combination of letters. All of the characters were set in reverse. Images could be included, but needed to be etched in either wood or metal, making it a time-consuming process. http://www.creativebloq.com/print-design/get-started |
Composition, or Typesetting is where pieces of movable type are assembled to form the desired text. The person charged with composition is called a "compositor" [or typesetter], setting letter by letter and line by line.
A Typeface (also known as font family) is a set of one or more fonts each composed of glyphs that share common design features.
The finished print surface, is inked before being applied with pressure to the surface being printed.
A Proof-reader inspects the job to make sure that everything is accurate. Marks are used in proofreading to indicate problems in a text
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_proofreader%27s |
A block of type tied up, with tools needed
A single-page form for printing the front page of the New Testament.
Imposition or imposing is the process by which the tied assemblages of type are converted into a "form" ("forme") arranging the various pages of type with respect to one another. A person charged with imposition is a stoneman [stonehand], doing their work on a large, flat imposition stone
(later metal). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letterpress_printing The form in the press is unlocked
and corrections made, by pulling out bits of type with tweezers, inserting new ones, adjusting spacing and so on. http://nedbatchelder.com/blog/201303/letterpress |
Short Letterpress Documentary
5:52 |
Hand-fed Letterpress Printing Process (no sound)
0:28 |
1499 AD- Printing had become established in more than 2500 cities around Europe. An estimated 15 million books printed, representing thirty thousand book titles
Old Jobs
in The Printing Industry
in The Printing Industry
The Pressman was in charge of the printing press
The Warehouseman would be in charge of making sure that the right paper & ink were available for the work & cut the paper to size after it was printed
A Printer's Devil was a child assistant. They might be in charge of spreading the ink on its plate ready for use & hanging the printed sheets up to dry.
The Compositor put together the type
The Stone Hand then 'imposed' it - assembled it with wedges etc. to lock it into the metal frame for printing.
A Proof Reader would check for mistakes
The Master Printer owned the firm
The Bookbinders would fold the printed sheets to make the sections of the book, & then sew them together & add the covers of card, cloth or leather
The Warehouseman would be in charge of making sure that the right paper & ink were available for the work & cut the paper to size after it was printed
A Printer's Devil was a child assistant. They might be in charge of spreading the ink on its plate ready for use & hanging the printed sheets up to dry.
The Compositor put together the type
The Stone Hand then 'imposed' it - assembled it with wedges etc. to lock it into the metal frame for printing.
A Proof Reader would check for mistakes
The Master Printer owned the firm
The Bookbinders would fold the printed sheets to make the sections of the book, & then sew them together & add the covers of card, cloth or leather
To become a printer, boys of 12 - 14 would sign an ‘indenture’ to become an Apprentice
Books and Bookbinding
1455 Gutenberg Bible Leaf
http://www.greatsite.com/ancient- rare-bible-leaves/gutenberg-1455- leaf-picture.html
http://www.greatsite.com/ancient- rare-bible-leaves/gutenberg-1455- leaf-picture.html
Gutenberg Bible
Between 1450 and 1455, the Gutenberg Bible was completed. Early documentation states that a total of 200 copies were scheduled to be printed on rag cotton linen paper, and 30 copies on velum animal skin. It is not known exactly how many copies were actually printed. Today, only 22 copies are known to exist, of which 7 are on velum.
If an entire Gutenberg Bible should become available on the world market, it would likely fetch an estimated 100 million dollars! Even an individual leaf (a single two-sided page) from the original Gutenberg Bible can fetch around $100,000. Gutenberg’s work is the most rare & valuable printed material in the world. Proceeds from the sale of just one single leaf from his Bible in today’s market would have provided Gutenberg with enough money to live out his last years comfortably.
http://www.greatsite.com/timeline- english-bible-history/gutenberg.html |
Earliest books printed in Scotland
View the 'Chepman & Myllar Prints' page by page All nine books printed by Chepman and Myllar have been digitised, together with two items by other printers bound with them in the same single volume for over 200 years. http://digital.nls.uk/firstscottishbooks/items.html A Selection of Books from the Printers of the University of Glasgow
2008 celebrates 500 years of printing in Scotland. This web exhibition highlights the contribution that Glasgow University and its press has made to the history of Scottish print culture. Johannes Gutenberg perfected the art of printing by moveable type in Germany in the middle of the 15th century. Slowly, this new technology for the mass manufacture of books spread throughout Europe. The entrepreneurial merchant, William Caxton, introduced the printing press to England in 1476, having learnt the new art on the continent. Some thirty years later, Walter Chepman (1471?–1528) and Androw Myllar (fl.1503–1508), were the first to set up a printing business in Scotland. http://special.lib.gla.ac.uk/exhibns/gupress/gupress |
Books produced between the years 1450 AD & 1500
are collectively referred to as incunabula
are collectively referred to as incunabula
The University of Aberdeen
Bound by Bone & Son, Fleet Street, London, one of the major firms of bookbinders in Britain at this time. Victorian Commercial Book-Bindings http://www.abdn.ac.uk/historic/collection |
Catalogues & Factsheets
http://www.abdn.ac.uk/library/about/special/search |
Bookbinding History and Introduction
http://www.ibookbinding.com/blog/bookbinding-history-and |
Early books were single sheets of vellum, pigskin or calf. They were sewn through the centre fold onto flexible bands. To keep them from being damaged, they were placed between two wooden boards and later, the boards were joined together with the leaves and wrapped with a leather covering. |
Friedrich von Martini "National" book-sewing machine
Early bookbinding inventions
http://americanhistory.si.edu/blog/book-boom-early |
Read or Download
A short history of bookbinding and a glossary of styles and terms used in binding, with a brief account of the celebrated binders and patrons of bookbinding from whom the various styles are named, description of leathers, etcby Zaehnsdorf (Firm); Zaehnsdorf, Joseph William, 1853-1930 Published 1895 https://archive.org/stream/shorthistoryofbo00zaehri |
The Acquisitions Table: The Bookbinders Shop
http://pastispresent.org/2 Showing the different stages of the binding process
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The Bookbinders Shop
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Libraries
Library of Alexandria
The library was created by Ptolemy I Soter, who was a Macedonian general and the successor of Alexander the Great. As a symbol of the wealth & power of Egypt, it employed many scribes to borrow books from around the world, copy then return them. Most of the books were kept as papyrus scrolls & though it is unknown how many such scrolls were housed at any given time, their combined value was incalculable. The library is famous for having been burned resulting in the loss of many scrolls and books. Troops of Caesar accidentally burned the library down during or after the Siege of Alexandria in 48 BC. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_Alexandria |
Library of the British Museum
To the library community and the public at large, the best known component of the new national library consisted of the library departments of the British Museum. The Museum's Department of Printed Books was founded in 1753, the year of the foundation of the Museum itself. Over the intervening 200 years, the library of the British Museum had grown into one of the largest in the world http://www.bl.uk/aboutus/quickin |
One of Ten Sketches of The British Museum, as it was 200 years ago
http://blog.europeana.eu/2014/01/happy-birthday-to-the-worlds-oldest |
National Library, Helsinki, Finland
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National Libraries of the World List and weblinks for National Libraries all over the World http://www.publiclibrar |
Library of Escorial, Spain
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Trinity College Library, Dublin
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Trinity College Dublin Library is the largest library in IrelandIt is the permanent home to the famous Book of Kells.an illuminated manuscript in Latin, containing the four Gospels of the New Testament. A master work of Western calligraphy & the pinnacle of Insular illumination. Regarded as Ireland's finest national treasure. |
Admont Abbey is a Benedictine monastery on the Enns River in Admont, Austria. The oldest remaining monastery in Styria, Admont It contains the largest monastic library in the world as well as an established scientific collection. It is known for its Baroque archi-tecture, art, and manuscripts. |
Admont Abbey Library, Austria
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Library of Congress, Washington D.C.
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Library of Congress is the research library and is the de facto national library of the United States, being their oldest federal cultural institution. The Library is housed in three buildings on Capitol Hill in Washington, D.C. and is the largest library in the world by collection size, with the second largest being the British Library. The Library of Congress was featured in the movie ' National Treasure II', starring Nicholas Cage |
Book Repair and Restoration
http://www.bookrestorations.com.au/book Restorations Photo Gallery http://www.bookrestorations.com.au/gallery.html |
Project Gutenberg
Project Gutenberg was founded in 1971 by Michael S. Hart & is the oldest digital library. Most of the items in it's collection are the full texts of public domain books. The project tries to make these as free as possible, in long-lasting, open formats that can be used on almost any computer. As of March 2014, Project Gutenberg claimed over 45,000 items in its collection.
http://www.gutenberg.org/wiki/Gutenberg:The_History_and_Philosophy_of_Project_Gutenb |
Michael S. Hart
Michael S. Hart, an American author, best known as the inventor of the electronic book (or ebook) and the founder of Project Gutenberg, the first project to make ebooks freely available via the Internet. Most of the early postings were typed in by Hart himself. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_S._Hart |
Michael Stern Hart was born in Tacoma, Washington on March 8, 1947. He died on September 6, 2011 in his home in Urbana, Illinois, at the age of 64. Michael was an Eagle Scout (Urbana Troop 6 & Explorer Post 12)
& served in the Army in Korea during the Vietnam era. He often told his story of how he had the idea for ebooks. He had been granted access to significant computing power at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. On July 4 1971, after being inspired by a free printed copy of the U.S. Declaration of Independence, he decided to type the text into a computer & to transmit it to other users on the computer network. From this beginning, the digitization & distribution of literature was to be Hart's life's work, spanning over 40 years.
http://www.gutenberg.org/wiki/Michael_S._Hart
& served in the Army in Korea during the Vietnam era. He often told his story of how he had the idea for ebooks. He had been granted access to significant computing power at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. On July 4 1971, after being inspired by a free printed copy of the U.S. Declaration of Independence, he decided to type the text into a computer & to transmit it to other users on the computer network. From this beginning, the digitization & distribution of literature was to be Hart's life's work, spanning over 40 years.
http://www.gutenberg.org/wiki/Michael_S._Hart
self.gutenberg.org, online publishing by contemporary authors
Visit self.gutenberg.org to see how Project Gutenberg is facilitating online publishing by contemporary authors (you). This new service is bringing the Project Gutenberg moniker to authors in virtually any genre or subject. About the eBooks- All of the eBooks are in PDF file format, and all Audio eBooks are in MP3 file format. These formats have been specially designed to be cross-platform compatible with all PCs, Laptops, PDAs, Kindle DX, Kindle 3 iPad/iPods, eReaders, or Smartphones. self.gutenberg.org |
Submission Guidelines
http://self.gutenberg.org/view/submission-guide Pages to Include
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Early Printers
First Printing Towns & their Printers from 1508 to 1900. 198 printing towns were established across the Scottish mainland.
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A
Town Aberdeen Aberfeldy Aboyne Airdrie Alloa Alva Alyth Annan Anstruther Aquhorties Arbroath Ardrossan Auchinleck Auchterarder Ayr |
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Printmakers, Publishers & Printsellers
Lord Charles Stanhope's printing press
(1753 – 1816) British statesman and scientist. He invented the first iron printing press among other things https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles |
A
Allard, Abraham (1676-1725) Dutch. Publisher, draughtsman and etcher: Amsterdam. Allard, Carel (1648-1709) Dutch. Print publisher and etcher in Amsterdam. Son of Hugo Allard. Allard, Hugo (1627-84) Dutch. Draughtsman, engraver and publisher. Allard, Jacob (active 1660) Dutch. Publisher. Allen, John (active 1657) Publisher of books and pamphlets. Altzenbach, Gerhard (fl. 1609-72) German. Engraver and publisher in Cologne. Archer, Thomas (active 1625) Published portrait of Charles I and Henrietta Maria. Avont, Peeter van (1600-52) Flemish. Painter, etcher, publisher: Mechlin, Antwerp. Aylmer, Brabazon (17th cent.) Publisher. http://www.bpi1700.org.uk/resources/directory_publishers_A.html |
John Pascoe Fawkner
Businessman & Melbourne Pioneer (1792-1869) Born London 1792, as an 11 year old Fawkner accompanied his father as he was transported to Tasmania. After he was married in 1822, the couple established a number of businesses including a newspaper (The Launceston Advertiser). While awaiting the arrival of a printing press from Tasmania, he published the Melbourne Advertiser in 1838, where the first nine weekly editions were handwritten. The first printed edition was 5 March 1838 after he purchased an old press so as to beat the competition in producing the settlement's first newspaper. It was closed down on 23 April 1838 for want of a license from Sydney, but a license was later obtained & on 6 February 1839 'The Port Phillip Patriot' & Melbourne Advertiser commenced publication. First published daily on the 15 May 1845. http://museumvictoria.com.au/collections/themes/2621/john |
Benjamin Franklin
(born Boston, Mass., U.S.A. 1706, died 1790 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.) Most of us would associate this genius with the key & Kite experiment, but he contributed far more than that & above all, he regarded himself as a printer. He was the tenth son of soap maker, Josiah Franklin & as Ben loved to read he had him apprenticed to his printer brother James. After helping James compose pamphlets & set type, 12-year-old Benjamin would sell their products in the streets.
Archives- The Pennsylvania Gazette
http://www.accessible-archives.com/collections/ The Mitchell Archives, containing five centuries of original historic newspapers.
http://mitchellarchives.com/benjamin-franklins |
At the age of twenty-one, he established the colonies' first circulation library for all interested citizens. The Library Company of Philadelphia, as it was called, housed not only books but also specimens of natural history and scientific apparatus. At the age of twenty-two, Ben Franklin was the owner of the Pennsylvania Gazette newspaper.
http://www.ushistory.org/franklin/info/index.htm Franklin wrote under the name of Poor Richard
Read- 1732-1758 Poor Richard's Almanack
https://archive.org/details/poorrichardsalma00franrich Wherever he lived in Europe or America, he
managed to have a printing press at his disposal. It is no accident that his last will and testament, written at age eighty-three (the year before he died) begins "I, Benjamin Franklin of Philadelphia, printer…". |
Printing Companies
http://scottishprintarchive.org/ people/printing-companies/ The BRITISH BOOK TRADE INDEX (BBTI)
Aims to include brief biographical and trade details of all those who worked in the English and Welsh book trades up to 1851. http://www.bbti.bham.ac.uk/ |
PRINTING IS ONE OF SCOTLAND'S OLDEST SURVIVING INDUSTRIES http://www.500yearsofprinting.org/printing.php Left- Engraving room of Bartholomew & Co, from 1893 calendar
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Scottish Book Trade Index (SBTI) The Scottish Book Trade Index lists the names, trades and addresses of people involved in printing in Scotland up to 1850. It covers:
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Working in the Past in Printing- By John Easson A brief description of the tasks carried out by printers in days gone by. This was available as a PDF download, but now it's just an image embedded on the webpage & difficult to read. If you can read it? it's a very informative brochure http://www.bpsnet.org.uk/ |
Printer's Marks
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Often you can find printer’s marks or devices on the title pages of older books (and continuing in some books today). A printer would use the printer’s mark along with or in place of their name.
https://consecratedeminence.wordpress.com/2013/ |
Wayzgoose
(printer's feast)
(printer's feast)
A Wayzgoose was a stubble goose
which was the best kind to cook
which was the best kind to cook
WAYZGOOSE was a feast or event given by a master printer for his workmen on or near St. Bartholomew's Day at the start of the season working by candlelight.
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Early Printers made their own ink by boiling soot & Linseed oil. Fires were caused by this & Printers were made to go out of town to boil their ink. This is supposedly the origin of the printer's outing known as a WAYZGOOSE.
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The end of summer came early in old-time printing shops. By the third week in August candles were needed to light the final hours of the long working day. To mark this shift to winter working, it was usual for the master printer to give his journeymen a feast around St Bartholomew’s Day (24 August). This was the wayzgoose or way-goose. In 1731, lexicographer Nathaniel Bailey argued, in the fifth edition of his Universal Etymological English Dictionary, that it came from wayz, meaning stubble. The term evolved to mean the annual summer dinner or outing held for the printers in a publishing house or newspaper office. http://www.worldwidewords.org/weirdwords/ww-way1.htm |
Goose Roasted (1830)
* A stubble goose should be stuffed with sage and onions, chopped small, and mixed with pepper and salt; boil the sage and onion in a little water before they are chopped, or mix a few bread crumbs with them when chopped; either will render them less strong. * Put it first at a distance from the fire, and by degrees draw it nearer. A slip of paper should be skewered on the breast bone [to keep it from overcooking]. * Baste it very well. When the breast is rising, take off the paper, and be careful to serve it before the breast falls, it will be spoiled by coming to table flattened. |
* Serve it with good gravy and apple sauce, in
boats. It will take about an hour and a half to roast. |
Recipe- Goose Roasted (1830)
http://thehistoricfoodie.wordpress.com/ tag/roast-goose/
http://thehistoricfoodie.wordpress.com/ tag/roast-goose/
Newspapers
The current editors of the newspaper, Michael and Jade English, are dedicated to maintaining the labour-intensive process of producing a rare independent newspaper but the old ways.
https://stoneletters.wordpress.com/2012/08/22/the |
The Don Dorrigo Gazette & Guy Fawkes Advocate
The Don Dorrigo Gazette still publishes each week's edition on a Heidelberg Zylinder Automat press, the last in Australia. Dorrigo is a small town in northern NSW about an hour west of Coffs Harbour
http://www.ryersonindex.org/ddgdths1.htm |
Historical Newspapers on Trove
http://www.gouldgenealogy.com/2015/04/historical-news Search Trove, Australian Newspapers http://trove.nla.gov.au/ From The Melbourne Advertiser 15 January 1838
Beautifully Handwritten by John Fawkner |
A 1609 title page of the German Relation, the world's first newspaper (first published in 1605)
The Mitchell Archives
The Mitchell Archives, containing five centuries of original historic newspapers. http://mitchellarchives.com/ List of the Oldest Newspapers
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_the_oldest_new |
Berrow's Worcester Journal is said to be the World's oldest newspaper which is still running
Wiki says they began in 1620, but their website says established in 1690 For approximately 25 years from 1909 Berrow's Worcester Journal produced a pictorial supplement to accompany the weekly newspaper.
Search The Archives- http://www.explorethepast.co.uk/2013/11/explore |
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COLONIAL PRINTER, OLD PRINTING NEWSPAPER
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Bradford Industrial Museum
6:33 |
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Newspaper Printing (Letterpress) "From Trees to Tribunes" 1937 Chicago Tribune
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How a Book is Made
Traditional Bookbinding 5:02 |